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...on of published bandpass sigma delta modulators.sRef. Type order OSR f" fo BW POMs(MHz) (MHz) (kHz)sSNDR I Powers(dB) • (mW)s[63] LC* 4 63 10 2.5 80 53 - - [67] LCt 4 65 26 6.5 200 55 1350 7.8.10- 10s=-=[68]-=- SC 4 99 1.852 0.455 8 63 240 Ll·IO-9s[56] SC 4 120 7.2 1.8 30 74 - - [69] SC 2 107 42.8 10.7 200 55 60 1.7· 10-8s[70] scm 4 133 8 2 30 56 1.6 1.2.10-7s[71 ] T/H 2 125 250 65.2 1000 40 350 4.7.10- 10s...

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...·IO-9s[56] SC 4 120 7.2 1.8 30 74 - - [69] SC 2 107 42.8 10.7 200 55 60 1.7· 10-8s[70] scm 4 133 8 2 30 56 1.6 1.2.10-7s[71 ] T/H 2 125 250 65.2 1000 40 350 4.7.10- 10s[72] gmC 4 32 160 5 2500 63 - - =-=[73]-=- scm 4+2+ 32 13 3.25 200 64 14.4 5.8.10-7s[74] scm 4 200 80 20 200 75 72 1.5.10-6s[75] BI 2 2000 4000 55.5 1000 80 1400 1.2.10-6s[58] gmC 2 500 200 50 200 46 - - [76] C-SC 4 25 10 3.75 200 62 130 4.0....

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...4+2+ 32 13 3.25 200 64 14.4 5.8.10-7s[74] scm 4 200 80 20 200 75 72 1.5.10-6s[75] BI 2 2000 4000 55.5 1000 80 1400 1.2.10-6s[58] gmC 2 500 200 50 200 46 - - [76] C-SC 4 25 10 3.75 200 62 130 4.0.10-8s=-=[77]-=- LC 2 9500 3800 950 200 57 135 1.2.10-8s[78] DCV 4 1000 . 400 100 200 54 330 2.5.10-9s[79J DCV 2sI 250s20 400 40 70 I 18 3.7.10-7ssec. 7.2 LCgmC* 4 100 I 40 10.7 200 54sIs440 I 1.9.10-9 Issec. 7.3 BI ...

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... This moves the IF signal processing stage to the digital domain. In Fig. 7.2 asblock diagram of a receiver using a bandpass SDM is shown together with a block diagram of a modem analog (AM) receiver =-=[62]-=-. The analog receiver consists of a Low t 2001<"' 9kH, ~I%~®-i~l®-i%l-~I': ~G9-ojsBPF t· BPF t BPFsLO IFst~ ®-.~~&~b-ojsBPF t LO BPF tL... _____ r...JsFigure 7.2: Block diagram of a modern analog (AM)...

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...fully integratedssixth order bandpass SDM of section 7.3 are compared to several published bandpassssigma delta modulators. The overall performance of the SDMs is evaluated by asfigure of merit (FOM) =-=[66]-=-. Such a figure should include at least the achieved SNDRs7.4 Comparisonsor DR, the signal bandwidth BW and the power consumption P:sPOMs4kbT· SNDR· BWsPs161s(7.21 )sin which kb is Boltzmann's constan...

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...dashedsthe analog sections. The common mode DC level of the differential signals is 3V andsthe amplitude is 3V pp maximally.sThe transconductance amplifier of the resonator is shown in Fig. 7.20 (see =-=[65]-=-).sThe cross-coupled transistors M) and M2 increase the transconductance of the differential pair formed by transistors MJ and M4. The amplifier has a gain-bandwidthsproduct of 1.1 GHz. The parasitic ...

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... signal should still be equal to /0. This property can be used to design assubsampled continuous time modulator.s6.5 Subsampling in Continuous time SDMs 121s6.5 Subsampling in Continuous time SDMssIn =-=[60]-=- GOURGUE and BELLANGER introduced the concept of subsampling a continuous time bandpass SDM. The basic idea of subsampling is to undersample withsrespect to the center frequency of a narrow-band input...

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...s are determined by the poles of the DT loop filter, all threesthe coefficients of the numerator of (7.4) have to be independent. A bandpass filtersstructure that consists of two high-Q LC resonators =-=[63]-=- as shown in Fig. 7.5 has onesdegree of freedom (g I g2/ g3) to place the zeroes of the loop filter. The second degreesoutsv vsL (/sFigure 7.5: A fourth order bandpass filter using two LC resonators.s...

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...R and a small bandwidth.sTable 7.4: Comparison of published bandpass sigma delta modulators.sRef. Type order OSR f" fo BW POMs(MHz) (MHz) (kHz)sSNDR I Powers(dB) • (mW)s[63] LC* 4 63 10 2.5 80 53 - - =-=[67]-=- LCt 4 65 26 6.5 200 55 1350 7.8.10- 10s[68] SC 4 99 1.852 0.455 8 63 240 Ll·IO-9s[56] SC 4 120 7.2 1.8 30 74 - - [69] SC 2 107 42.8 10.7 200 55 60 1.7· 10-8s[70] scm 4 133 8 2 30 56 1.6 1.2.10-7s[71 ...

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... BW POMs(MHz) (MHz) (kHz)sSNDR I Powers(dB) • (mW)s[63] LC* 4 63 10 2.5 80 53 - - [67] LCt 4 65 26 6.5 200 55 1350 7.8.10- 10s[68] SC 4 99 1.852 0.455 8 63 240 Ll·IO-9s[56] SC 4 120 7.2 1.8 30 74 - - =-=[69]-=- SC 2 107 42.8 10.7 200 55 60 1.7· 10-8s[70] scm 4 133 8 2 30 56 1.6 1.2.10-7s[71 ] T/H 2 125 250 65.2 1000 40 350 4.7.10- 10s[72] gmC 4 32 160 5 2500 63 - - [73] scm 4+2+ 32 13 3.25 200 64 14.4 5.8.1...

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...• (mW)s[63] LC* 4 63 10 2.5 80 53 - - [67] LCt 4 65 26 6.5 200 55 1350 7.8.10- 10s[68] SC 4 99 1.852 0.455 8 63 240 Ll·IO-9s[56] SC 4 120 7.2 1.8 30 74 - - [69] SC 2 107 42.8 10.7 200 55 60 1.7· 10-8s=-=[70]-=- scm 4 133 8 2 30 56 1.6 1.2.10-7s[71 ] T/H 2 125 250 65.2 1000 40 350 4.7.10- 10s[72] gmC 4 32 160 5 2500 63 - - [73] scm 4+2+ 32 13 3.25 200 64 14.4 5.8.10-7s[74] scm 4 200 80 20 200 75 72 1.5.10-6s...

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... SC 4 99 1.852 0.455 8 63 240 Ll·IO-9s[56] SC 4 120 7.2 1.8 30 74 - - [69] SC 2 107 42.8 10.7 200 55 60 1.7· 10-8s[70] scm 4 133 8 2 30 56 1.6 1.2.10-7s[71 ] T/H 2 125 250 65.2 1000 40 350 4.7.10- 10s=-=[72]-=- gmC 4 32 160 5 2500 63 - - [73] scm 4+2+ 32 13 3.25 200 64 14.4 5.8.10-7s[74] scm 4 200 80 20 200 75 72 1.5.10-6s[75] BI 2 2000 4000 55.5 1000 80 1400 1.2.10-6s[58] gmC 2 500 200 50 200 46 - - [76] C...

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...2 107 42.8 10.7 200 55 60 1.7· 10-8s[70] scm 4 133 8 2 30 56 1.6 1.2.10-7s[71 ] T/H 2 125 250 65.2 1000 40 350 4.7.10- 10s[72] gmC 4 32 160 5 2500 63 - - [73] scm 4+2+ 32 13 3.25 200 64 14.4 5.8.10-7s=-=[74]-=- scm 4 200 80 20 200 75 72 1.5.10-6s[75] BI 2 2000 4000 55.5 1000 80 1400 1.2.10-6s[58] gmC 2 500 200 50 200 46 - - [76] C-SC 4 25 10 3.75 200 62 130 4.0.10-8s[77] LC 2 9500 3800 950 200 57 135 1.2.10...

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... scm 4 133 8 2 30 56 1.6 1.2.10-7s[71 ] T/H 2 125 250 65.2 1000 40 350 4.7.10- 10s[72] gmC 4 32 160 5 2500 63 - - [73] scm 4+2+ 32 13 3.25 200 64 14.4 5.8.10-7s[74] scm 4 200 80 20 200 75 72 1.5.10-6s=-=[75]-=- BI 2 2000 4000 55.5 1000 80 1400 1.2.10-6s[58] gmC 2 500 200 50 200 46 - - [76] C-SC 4 25 10 3.75 200 62 130 4.0.10-8s[77] LC 2 9500 3800 950 200 57 135 1.2.10-8s[78] DCV 4 1000 . 400 100 200 54 330 ...

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...0s[72] gmC 4 32 160 5 2500 63 - - [73] scm 4+2+ 32 13 3.25 200 64 14.4 5.8.10-7s[74] scm 4 200 80 20 200 75 72 1.5.10-6s[75] BI 2 2000 4000 55.5 1000 80 1400 1.2.10-6s[58] gmC 2 500 200 50 200 46 - - =-=[76]-=- C-SC 4 25 10 3.75 200 62 130 4.0.10-8s[77] LC 2 9500 3800 950 200 57 135 1.2.10-8s[78] DCV 4 1000 . 400 100 200 54 330 2.5.10-9s[79J DCV 2sI 250s20 400 40 70 I 18 3.7.10-7ssec. 7.2 LCgmC* 4 100 I 40 ...

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...m 4 200 80 20 200 75 72 1.5.10-6s[75] BI 2 2000 4000 55.5 1000 80 1400 1.2.10-6s[58] gmC 2 500 200 50 200 46 - - [76] C-SC 4 25 10 3.75 200 62 130 4.0.10-8s[77] LC 2 9500 3800 950 200 57 135 1.2.10-8s=-=[78]-=- DCV 4 1000 . 400 100 200 54 330 2.5.10-9s[79J DCV 2sI 250s20 400 40 70 I 18 3.7.10-7ssec. 7.2 LCgmC* 4 100 I 40 10.7 200 54sIs440 I 1.9.10-9 Issec. 7.3 BI 6 100 40 10.7 i 200 I 67 60 I 2.8.10-7s* Dis...