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...rithmssthat join those units together and performs some signal processing to smooth unit transitions andsto match predefined prosodic schemes. They are three vital subtypes of Concatenative synthesiss=-=[9]-=-.s(i) Diphone based synthesiss(ii) Domain based synthesis ands(iii) Unit selection based synthesiss(i) Diphone based synthesissDiphone synthesis is most popular method used for creating a synthetic vo...

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...peech synthesis, where the acoustic speech outputsis produced from phonetic and prosodic informationsSpeech Synthesis can be performed by using any one of the approach in Speech GenerationsTechniques =-=[3]-=-. They ares First Generation Techniquess Second Generation Techniquess Third Generation TechniquessA. Indumathi & Dr. E. ChandrasSignal Processing: An International Journal (SPIJ), Volume (6): Issu...

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... of the usedsspeech segments. There are entire words and phrases stored in the unit database. This impliessthat the database for the Unit selection voices is many times bigger than for diphone voices =-=[13]-=-.sThus, the memory consumption is huge while the CPU consumption is lows8. CONCLUSIONsSpeech synthesis is a developing technology which has been incorporated in many real timesapplications. Existing s...

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...ory occupation forsstoringsfactors of the model than to memorize the data. In addition to that, it allows to modify thesmodel in various ways, likesconvertingsthe original voice into a different voice=-=[2]-=-.s2. FORMANT SYNTHESISsFormant Synthesis was the first synthesis technique to be developed and was the dominantstechnique until the early 1980’s.Formant Synthesis is often called synthesis by rule. Th...

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...ters formsthe specification and how to find the right balance between highly accurate model that closelysfollows human physiology and a more pragmatic representation that is easy to design andscontrol=-=[6]-=-.sA. Indumathi & Dr. E. ChandrasSignal Processing: An International Journal (SPIJ), Volume (6): Issue (5): 2012 142s4. CONCATENATIVE SPEECH SYNTHESISsConcatenative synthesis depends on speech signal p...

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...le. The basicsassumption of Formant synthesis is to model vocal tract transfer function by simulating formantsfrequencies and formant amplitudes. The vocal track has certain major resonant frequencies=-=[4]-=-s.The frequencies change as the configuration of the vocal tract changes like resonant peaks insthe vocal track transfer function (frequency response) are known as “formants”.sThe synthesis is a sort ...

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...is to classify the frames into voiced and unvoiced portion and dictate the parameters ofsthe harmonic and noise components and the relative strength of the contribution of eachscomponent to the frame =-=[7]-=-. Estimated pitch and fundamental frequency is fitted to each framesand from this error between the speech generated and the real waveform is found. Harmonicsframes withslow error are considered as vo...

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...rnal (SPIJ), Volume (6): Issue (5): 2012 143s6. HIDDEN MARKOV MODEL SYNTHESISsHidden Markov models (HMMs) is a statistical machine learning speech synthesis to simulate realslife stochastic processes =-=[8]-=-. In HMM based synthesis, the speech parameters like frequencysspectrum, fundamental frequency and duration are statistically modeled and speech is generatedsby using HMM based on maximum likelihood c...

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...poses.sThis technique consumes large CPU resources but very little memory. This approach seems tosgive a better prosody, without glitches, and still producing very natural sounding, human-likesspeech =-=[15]-=-.s7. UNIT SELECTION SYNTHESISsUnit selection synthesis is the dominant synthesis technique in text to speech .This technique issthe extension of second generation concatenative technique and deals wit...