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... junction conditions are satisfied [64]. This means that the metric and the extrinsic curvature are continuous. (See [65] for an exhaustive treatment of possible smooth matchings in the LTB case, and =-=[66]-=- for a review of the case with static holes.) In particular, when R′ changes sign at one or more shells r = ri, the Darmois junction conditions require E ′(ri, p, q) = 0 and E(ri) = −1. If E(ri) 6= −1...

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...imple example of the mass distribution leading to nonzero average values of cosmological perturbations. It bears a direct relation to Einstein–Straus/Swiss-cheese models (see, e.g., the recent papers =-=[14,15]-=-). This artificial, but instructive distribution (described also in [1,2]) is shown in Fig. 1. The Universe is supposed to be filled with an infinite number of empty spheres (ρ = 0) with the exception...