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Unique Diagnostic and Therapeutic Roles of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines in Photodynamic Therapy, Imaging and Theranostics
"... licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Reproduction is permitted for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited. Received: 2012.05.09; Accepted: 2012.08.10; Published: 2012.10.04 Porphyrinic molecules have a unique theranostic role in disease therapy; they h ..."
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licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Reproduction is permitted for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited. Received: 2012.05.09; Accepted: 2012.08.10; Published: 2012.10.04 Porphyrinic molecules have a unique theranostic role in disease therapy; they have been used to image, detect and treat different forms of diseased tissue including age-related macular degeneration and a number of different cancer types. Current focus is on the clinical imaging of tumour tissue; targeted delivery of photosensitisers and the potential of photosensitisers in multimodal biomedical theranostic nanoplatforms. The roles of porphyrinic molecules in imaging and pdt, along with research into improving their selective uptake in diseased tissue and their utility in theranostic applications are highlighted in this Review.
Pinocytosis by human alveolar macrophages: comparison of smokers and nonsmokers. j Clin
- Invest
, 1974
"... from human volunteers, smokers and nonsmokers, by bronchial lavage through a fiberoptic bronchoscope. Cells were incubated in a chemically defined medium containing ["4C]sucrose (0.36 mM) and varying con-centrations of rabbit serum. Pinocytosis was assessed by the cellular uptake of isotope ove ..."
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from human volunteers, smokers and nonsmokers, by bronchial lavage through a fiberoptic bronchoscope. Cells were incubated in a chemically defined medium containing ["4C]sucrose (0.36 mM) and varying con-centrations of rabbit serum. Pinocytosis was assessed by the cellular uptake of isotope over 30, 75, and 120-min periods. Pinocytic activity of smokers ' cells was dependent on serum concentration but always less than the activity of nonsmokers ' cells. The degree of pinocy-tosis by nonsmokers ' cells was independent of serum concentration. It is concluded that the decreased level of pinocytic activity in smokers ' alveolar macrophages as indicated by the uptake of sucrose in the presence of rabbit serum may represent a form of reticuloendothelial blockade.
Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in the Intensive Care Unit
, 1989
"... Brandstetter RD. Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the in- ..."
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Factors Affecting the Rate of Positivity of Sputum Cytology in Lung Cancer
"... We studied the role of sputum cytology and factors influencing the rate of positivity of sputum cytology in 103 patients with lung cancer. Sputum cytology was positive in 71.8 % of these patients. Of 647 specimens submitted for sputum cytology, 610 were evaluable and the positivity rate was 43.6%. F ..."
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We studied the role of sputum cytology and factors influencing the rate of positivity of sputum cytology in 103 patients with lung cancer. Sputum cytology was positive in 71.8 % of these patients. Of 647 specimens submitted for sputum cytology, 610 were evaluable and the positivity rate was 43.6%. Forty-eight patients had at least six sputum cytology examinations. The rate of positivity for each of these examinations was between 31.3 % and 50.0%, and the cumula-tive rate of positivity in these 48 patients was 77.1 % at the sixth examination. Factors influencing the positivity rate were the histology of the tumor, tumor size, the site of the tumor, admixture with blood and the degree of surface necrosis of the tumor. The histology suspected from the sputum cytology coincided well with that determined at the operation or necropsy in adenocarci-noma, squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma, but not in large cell carcinoma. Introduction Patients and Methods
Cytological sampling at fibreoptic bronchoscopy: comparison of catheter aspirates and brush biopsies
"... ABSTRACr A prospective study was undertaken to compare bronchial brushings with dry catheter aspiration for the cytological diagnosis of lung cancer at fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Duplicate samples taken by aspirate and brush were obtained at 103 consecutive routine bronchoscopies. Aspirate and brush s ..."
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ABSTRACr A prospective study was undertaken to compare bronchial brushings with dry catheter aspiration for the cytological diagnosis of lung cancer at fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Duplicate samples taken by aspirate and brush were obtained at 103 consecutive routine bronchoscopies. Aspirate and brush samples were reported on separately by two cytologists. At the end of the study a 30 % sample, including the 19 cases with different findings by the two methods, were subjected to a blind crossover review, and then an open review. Forceps biopsy specimens for routine histological assessment were taken in 94 cases (92%). Ninety-eight of 103 (95%) aspi-rates and 99 of 103 (96%) brush specimens were technically satisfactory. Carcinoma was diag-nosed at bronchoscopy on cytological or histological evidence or both in 57 cases. Fifty-five of these tumours (96%) were recognised by either the aspirate or the brush method, 52 (91%) by brush, and 50 (88%) by aspirate. Thirty-four cases (60%) could be diagnosed from histological specimens. The order of cytological sampling did not systematically affect yield. It is concluded that fine-catheter aspirates, permitting smears to be prepared in the laboratory, are a satisfactory alternative to brush smears for the cytological diagnosis of lung cancer at bronchoscopy. The routine use of both techniques at bronchoscopy will increase diagnostic yield by about 5%.
RESEARCH Safety and efficacy of outp r l H
"... Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleFibre-optic bronchoscopy has remained the gold stan-dard in managing tracheobronchial pathology since its introduction in 1968 [1-4]. It continues to play an indis-pensable role in the follow-up care of lung transplant re-cipients ..."
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Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleFibre-optic bronchoscopy has remained the gold stan-dard in managing tracheobronchial pathology since its introduction in 1968 [1-4]. It continues to play an indis-pensable role in the follow-up care of lung transplant re-cipients, allowing direct visual assessment of the airways and facilitating diagnostic sampling from the lower re-spiratory tract. It is the minimum prerequisite for per-forming transbronchial biopsies (TBBs), which since the diagnostic tool in managing suspected acute rejection or infection in lung transplant recipients [6]. Interventional fibre-optic bronchoscopy is also gaining prominence in the management of post-transplant airway complica-tions. Although theoretically better tolerated due to organ denervation, previous studies have reported on increased bleeding risk independent of coagulation sta-tus, platelet count or aspirin use amongst lung trans-plant recipients [7]. At present, the major obstacles to long-term success following lung transplantation remain infection and chro-
Don’t harm your patient- safety of bronchoscopy
"... It is now more than 100 years since Killian introduced the rigid bronchscopy and 40 years since Ikeda [1] introduced the technique of flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy, and this procedure has been established throughout the world. Flexible bronchoscopy (FBS) with topical anaesthesia has been shown to ..."
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It is now more than 100 years since Killian introduced the rigid bronchscopy and 40 years since Ikeda [1] introduced the technique of flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy, and this procedure has been established throughout the world. Flexible bronchoscopy (FBS) with topical anaesthesia has been shown to be safer than rigid bronchoscopy [2]. Risks associated with bronchoscopy can be classified into those related to conscious sedation and medications and those related to the procedure itself. Risks from conscious sedation and other medications used during the procedure include medication-related cardiac arryhtmia, hypotension, hypoxaemia, unconsciousness and multiple other problems [3]. Risks associated
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"... Novel thin bronchoscope with a 1.7-mm working channel for peripheral pulmonary lesions ..."
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Novel thin bronchoscope with a 1.7-mm working channel for peripheral pulmonary lesions
Article type Research
, 2014
"... PDF corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance. Fully formatted PDF and full text (HTML) versions will be made available soon. High flow nasal cannula oxygen versus non-invasive ventilation in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure undergoing flexible bronchoscopy- a prosp ..."
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PDF corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance. Fully formatted PDF and full text (HTML) versions will be made available soon. High flow nasal cannula oxygen versus non-invasive ventilation in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure undergoing flexible bronchoscopy- a prospective randomised trial
