"... In PAGE 4: ... In short, we believe that aggregation technology should allow for freewheeling, comfortable elicitation by accommodating incomplete and incoherent judge- ment. To illustrate, consider the scenario suggested by Table3 in which m ex- perts convene. Each assesses the chance of those events (or conditional events) about which s/he is comfortable offering an opinion.... In PAGE 11: ... Moreover, judges may abstain, which is to say that forecasts may pertain to non-identical (but presumably related) events. In short, the forecasts are allowed to take the form suggested in Table3 . Let E be the (multi)set formed from pooling {Ei}m i=1.... In PAGE 23: ... We note that the subjects in these experiments abstained in an involuntary sense that constrasts with the motivating discussion in the Introduction. The random assignment of events to judges nonetheless had the effect of creating a set of sparse forecasts similar to the one suggested by Table3 . These data sets are therefore suitable for experimenting with SAA.... In PAGE 31: ... In the Introduction, we argued that aggregation technology should allow for freewheeling, comfortable elicitation by accommodating incomplete and inco- herent judgement. Recall the scenario suggested by Table3 in which m experts assess the chance of those events about which they are comfortable offering an opinion. Such a panel will inevitably disagree, yet the table embodies a rich set of forecasts based on the specific competence of each judge.... ..."

"... In PAGE 3: ...This paper presents a new approximate solution of POMDPs that works well when there is a delayed need to observe (lower left box, Table1 ). The core idea is to de ne a new POMDP, the even-odd POMDP, in which the full state of the environment is observable at all times t where t is even.... In PAGE 11: ... In addition, the value function V 2MDP is an upper bound on the value of the optimal POMDP policy, which is useful for evaluating hand-derived policies. Because the 2MDP method incorporates a 2-step value-of-information com- putation, it is also suitable for solving problems, such as medical diagnosis, where there is an immediate opportunity to observe, and the two hallways problem, where there is an immediate need to observe (see Table1 ). However, the 2MDP method does not provide any solution to problems where there is a delayed opportunity to observe, such as the \heaven and hell quot; problem.... ..."

"... In PAGE 12: ...8 We next discuss how these con- cepts may help us in determining opportunity cost and thus in decision-making. Resource Granularities and The Opportunity Cost of Idle Capacity Table5 presents an overview of our analysis. (Place table 5 here) Resources with Low Expiration and Consumption Granularities Consider the extreme case of a resource with zero expiration and consumption granularity.... ..."

"... In PAGE 4: ... In all these cases, the delegation of functions and resulting division of labor and cooperation between human, computational and/or physical agents are the main distinguishing feature. It is convenient to construct a matrix of our outsourcing opportunities ( Table1 ) representing the possible combinations of three types of agents within multi-agent genetic algorithms.... In PAGE 4: ...Table 1: Matrix of outsourcing opportunities In Table1 , the ordering of columns re ects the costs of performing the function of selection. Computation modeling is usually the cheapest way to evaluate solutions if it is applicable, hu- man subjective evaluation is more expensive, and, nally, real world experimentation is the most expensive way to evaluate a potential solution or idea.... In PAGE 4: ... Computation modeling is usually the cheapest way to evaluate solutions if it is applicable, hu- man subjective evaluation is more expensive, and, nally, real world experimentation is the most expensive way to evaluate a potential solution or idea. The structure of Table1 can be explained by the economic theoryand the concept of altermative costs. Why certain tasks t into certain cells? Apparently, this is a consequence of alternative costs... In PAGE 7: ... This approach was used in the application of HBGA that will be described in secotion 5. 5 HUMAN AGENTS As shown in Table1 , HBGA can be viewed as an extension of IGA. While IGA uses only human judgment, HBGA uses a balanced approach allowing and encouraging both judgment and creative potential of participants in the form of evaluation and recombination, correspondingly.... In PAGE 12: ... As a consequence, they allow adding and removing agents without interrupting the whole evolutionary process. There are many opportunities this approach o ers to us and our table of outsourcing opportu- nities ( Table1 ) and analysis of alternative costs is a good way to nding such opportunities where multi-agent GAs can be used successfully. Acknowledgments The author would like to thank the participants of the Free Knowledge Exchange who supported his research on HBGA, contributed the materials included in this paper and granted the right to publish them under the conditions of the Success Formula Community Agreement.... ..."

"... In PAGE 3: ... For example virtual communities and online curricula stores indicate who has a particular skill or competence; IDs marketplaces show where particular knowledge is and ICTs provide a m ean to contact the sources of knowledge. Therefore the opportunities of knowledge transfer are increased by Internet but the social factors remain the actual enabler of knowledge transfer as summarised in Table1 . There is another effect of Internet techno logies: ... ..."

"... In PAGE 2: ... CODE UNLOADING OPPORTUNITIES To investigate the feasibility of adaptive code unloading in compile-only JVMs, we empirically evaluated the size and behavior of the native code used by Java programs when compiled. Table1 shows the size of bytecode and native code for the SpecJVM benchmark suite [18]. Column 2 is bytecode size (in KB) and columns 3{5 show the ratio of native code size to bytecode size.... In PAGE 2: ... After startup, this code is never invoked again, but remains in the system and consumes pre- cious system memory. The nal column in Table1 shows the percent of native code that is dead after program startup (collected from JikesRVM). Moreover, code that remains in the system after startup can have short lifetimes, and thus, should also be considered for unloading.... ..."

"... In PAGE 2: ...In Table1 I list the main features of the ELFE accelerator, and the oppor- tunities that they provide. Compared to existing electron and muon beams, the advantages of ELFE are in luminosity (compared to the muon beams at CERN and Fermilab), in duty factor (compared to SLAC) and in energy (compared to TJNAF).... ..."