Results 1 - 10 of 60,740

An Empirical Study of Smoothing Techniques for Language Modeling

by Stanley F. Chen , 1998
"... We present an extensive empirical comparison of several smoothing techniques in the domain of language modeling, including those described by Jelinek and Mercer (1980), Katz (1987), and Church and Gale (1991). We investigate for the first time how factors such as training data size, corpus (e.g., Br ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1224 (21 self) - Add to MetaCart
We present an extensive empirical comparison of several smoothing techniques in the domain of language modeling, including those described by Jelinek and Mercer (1980), Katz (1987), and Church and Gale (1991). We investigate for the first time how factors such as training data size, corpus (e

Determinants of Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Study

by Robert J. Barro , 1996
"... Empirical findings for a panel of around 100 countries from 1960 to 1990 strongly support the general notion of conditional convergence. For a given starting level of real per capita GDP, the growth rate is enhanced by higher initial schooling and life expectancy, lower fertility, lower government c ..."
Abstract - Cited by 892 (12 self) - Add to MetaCart
Empirical findings for a panel of around 100 countries from 1960 to 1990 strongly support the general notion of conditional convergence. For a given starting level of real per capita GDP, the growth rate is enhanced by higher initial schooling and life expectancy, lower fertility, lower government

Loopy belief propagation for approximate inference: An empirical study. In:

by Kevin P Murphy , Yair Weiss , Michael I Jordan - Proceedings of Uncertainty in AI, , 1999
"... Abstract Recently, researchers have demonstrated that "loopy belief propagation" -the use of Pearl's polytree algorithm in a Bayesian network with loops -can perform well in the context of error-correcting codes. The most dramatic instance of this is the near Shannon-limit performanc ..."
Abstract - Cited by 676 (15 self) - Add to MetaCart
to work well. In this paper we investigate loopy prop agation empirically under a wider range of conditions. Is there something special about the error-correcting code setting, or does loopy propagation work as an approximation scheme for a wider range of networks? ..\ x(:x).) (1) where: and: The message

An extensive empirical study of feature selection metrics for text classification

by George Forman, Isabelle Guyon, André Elisseeff - J. of Machine Learning Research , 2003
"... Machine learning for text classification is the cornerstone of document categorization, news filtering, document routing, and personalization. In text domains, effective feature selection is essential to make the learning task efficient and more accurate. This paper presents an empirical comparison ..."
Abstract - Cited by 496 (15 self) - Add to MetaCart
Machine learning for text classification is the cornerstone of document categorization, news filtering, document routing, and personalization. In text domains, effective feature selection is essential to make the learning task efficient and more accurate. This paper presents an empirical comparison

The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited

by Mark Granovetter - Sociological Theory , 1982
"... In this chapter I review empirical studies directly testing the ..."
Abstract - Cited by 903 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
In this chapter I review empirical studies directly testing the

Detecting Long-Run Abnormal Stock Returns: The Empirical Power and Specification of Test Statistics

by Brad M. Barber, John D. Lyon - Journal of Financial Economics , 1997
"... We analyze the empirical power and specification of test statistics in event studies designed to detect long-run (one- to five-year) abnormal stock returns. We document that test statistics based on abnormal returns calculated using a reference portfolio, such as a market index, are misspecified (em ..."
Abstract - Cited by 548 (9 self) - Add to MetaCart
We analyze the empirical power and specification of test statistics in event studies designed to detect long-run (one- to five-year) abnormal stock returns. We document that test statistics based on abnormal returns calculated using a reference portfolio, such as a market index, are misspecified

Facial expression and emotion

by Dacher Keltner, Cameron Anderson - American Psychologist , 1993
"... In this article, we review diverse studies of the antecedents, facial display, and social consequences of embarrassment. These studies indicate that embarrassment serves an appeasement function, reconciling social relations when they have gone awry. We then speculate about how embarrassment is elabo ..."
Abstract - Cited by 566 (12 self) - Add to MetaCart
In this article, we review diverse studies of the antecedents, facial display, and social consequences of embarrassment. These studies indicate that embarrassment serves an appeasement function, reconciling social relations when they have gone awry. We then speculate about how embarrassment

The structure and function of complex networks

by M. E. J. Newman - SIAM REVIEW , 2003
"... Inspired by empirical studies of networked systems such as the Internet, social networks, and biological networks, researchers have in recent years developed a variety of techniques and models to help us understand or predict the behavior of these systems. Here we review developments in this field, ..."
Abstract - Cited by 2600 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
Inspired by empirical studies of networked systems such as the Internet, social networks, and biological networks, researchers have in recent years developed a variety of techniques and models to help us understand or predict the behavior of these systems. Here we review developments in this field

The relationship between return and market value of common stocks

by Rolf W. Banz - Journal of Financial Economics , 1981
"... This study examines the empirical relattonship between the return and the total market value of NYSE common stocks. It is found that smaller firms have had htgher risk adjusted returns, on average, than larger lirms. This ‘size effect ’ has been in existence for at least forty years and is evidence ..."
Abstract - Cited by 791 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
This study examines the empirical relattonship between the return and the total market value of NYSE common stocks. It is found that smaller firms have had htgher risk adjusted returns, on average, than larger lirms. This ‘size effect ’ has been in existence for at least forty years and is evidence

An Efficient Context-Free Parsing Algorithm

by Jay Earley , 1970
"... A parsing algorithm which seems to be the most efficient general context-free algorithm known is described. It is similar to both Knuth's LR(k) algorithm and the familiar top-down algorithm. It has a time bound proportional to n 3 (where n is the length of the string being parsed) in general; i ..."
Abstract - Cited by 798 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
; it has an n 2 bound for unambiguous grammars; and it runs in linear time on a large class of grammars, which seems to include most practical context-free programming language grammars. In an empirical comparison it appears to be superior to the top-down and bottom-up algorithms studied by Griffiths
Results 1 - 10 of 60,740