BibTeX
@MISC{Kim_byflexible,
author = {Hyoung F. Kim and Okihide Hikosaka},
title = {by Flexible and Stable Valu},
year = {}
}
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Abstract
aguided behaviors are critical to choose the valuable objects efficiently. If we rely only on flexible values, we would always have to make an effort to find valuable objects by trial and error. the caudate nucleus, we used flexible and stable value proce-dures (Figure 1). Figure S1, available online, shows the underly-ing concept. In each case, the monkey experienced fractalIf we rely only on stable values, we would fail to choose valu-able objects if their values have changed recently. Therefore, objects with high values and low values. In the flexible value procedure (Figure S1A), objects changed their values frequentlyWe choose between objects based on their values, which we learn from past experience with rewarding consequences (Awh et al., 2012; Chelazzi et al., 2013). The values of some objects change flexibly, and we have to search valuable objects based on their consequent outcome (Barto, 1994; Dayan and Balleine, 2002; Padoa-Schioppa, 2011; Rolls, 2000). On the other hand, the values of some other objects remain un-changed, and we have to choose the valuable objects based on the long-term memory. Since the stable value formed by repetitive experiences is reliable, we may consistently choose the object regardless of the outcome (Ashby et al., 2010; Bal-leine and Dickinson, 1998; Graybiel, 2008; Mishikin et al., 1984; Wood and Neal, 2007). Both flexible and stable value-nucleus contains parallel functional units that process object value information independently. To test this hypothesis, we performed two experiments, first aiming at neuronal information processing and then behavioral causality. These experiments together suggested that the head and tail of the primate caudate nucleus have distinct func-tions, the head guiding controlled behavior based on flexible values and the tail guiding automatic behavior based on stable values.
Keyphrases
valuable object stable valu stable value flexible value repetitive experience past experience stable value proce-dures long-term memory automatic behavior flexible value procedure distinct func-tions object regardless figure s1a high value object value information available online behavioral causality figure s1 primate caudate nucleus underly-ing concept consequent outcome caudate nucleus valu-able object low value neuronal information processing
