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Physicochemical parameters associated with nanoparticle formation in the salting-out, emulsification-diffusion, and nanoprecipitation
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BibTeX
@MISC{Galindo-rodriguez_physicochemicalparameters,
author = {Sergio Galindo-rodriguez and Hatem Fessi and Eric Doelker},
title = {Physicochemical parameters associated with nanoparticle formation in the salting-out, emulsification-diffusion, and nanoprecipitation},
year = {}
}
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Abstract
Purpose. The aim of this work was to relate the physicochemical properties of the aqueous and organic phases used for nanoparticle (NP) preparation to the formation of NP produced by salting-out, emulsification-diffusion, and nanoprecipitation. Methods. Methacrylic acid copolymer and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL) were selected as NP polymer and emulsifying agent, respec-tively. Salting-out and emulsification-diffusion NP batches were pre-pared modifying the PVAL content in the aqueous phase. For nano-precipitation, NP were produced with variation of the polymer con-tent and type of solvent in the organic phase. Results. For salting-out and emulsification-diffusion, NP formation was discussed in terms of the emulsification theory. The nanoemul-sion obtained during NP preparation was visualized by scanning elec-tron microscopy. Aqueous and organic phases used for NP prepara-tion were characterized by their viscosity and surface tension. NP characteristics such as particle mean size, residual surfactant, sus-pendability in water after freeze-drying, and morphology were ex-plained in terms of these properties. For nanoprecipitation, NP for-mation was analyzed considering the diffusion-stranding phenom-enon. Conclusions. NP formation by salting-out and emulsification-diffusion was related to PVAL chain interactions at the droplet in-terface (e.g., reduction in the interfacial tension, mechanical sta-bilization, and steric stabilization) and in the bulk solution (hy-drodynamic stabilization). For nanoprecipitation, solvent-water and solvent-water of the organic phase solvents were well related to the NP characteristics. KEY WORDS: emulsification-diffusion; interaction parameter; nanoemulsion; nanoparticles; nanoprecipitation; poly(vinyl alcohol);
Keyphrases
physicochemical parameter organic phase np formation vinyl alcohol np characteristic np for-mation aqueous phase surface tension interfacial tension pval chain interaction emulsification theory physicochemical property np prepara-tion mechanical sta-bilization polymer con-tent pval content np preparation particle mean size droplet in-terface diffusion-stranding phenom-enon residual surfactant elec-tron microscopy interaction parameter steric stabilization methacrylic acid copolymer emulsification-diffusion np batch hy-drodynamic stabilization bulk solution key word organic phase solvent np polymer
