@MISC{_uncomplexedtimp-1, author = {}, title = {Uncomplexed TIMP-1 in Prognostic Evaluation of Breast Cancer}, year = {} }
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Abstract
and basement membrane, which facilitates the penetration of cancer cells through the barriers normally maintaining the integrity of the tissues. Several studies have demonstrated that the expression of various MMPs is increased in breast cancer, and high levels of various MMPs (MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-11) have been associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer patients (6–10). Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases type-1 (TIMP-1) is a 28.5-kDa glycoprotein that forms non-covalent 1:1 stoichiometric complexes with MMPs thereby inhibiting the proteolytic activity of these enzymes. It is a member of the TIMP family currently comprising four members (TIMP-1,-2,-3, and-4), is expressed by a wide range of cells, and is present in most tissues and body fluids (11, 12). High levels of TIMP-1 mRNA as well as TIMP-1 protein have been found in several types of cancers including breast cancer, and this has been