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...GGRAPH '91 and Deering [6] demonstrated the Virtual Portal, a closetsized three-wall projection-based system, in the Sun Microsystems' booth at SIGGRAPH '92. The CAVE, our projection-based VR display =-=[3]-=-, also premiered at SIGGRAPH '92. The Virtual Portal and CAVE have similar intent, but different implementation schemes. [Hardware Architecture]: Three-Dimensional Displays. To distinguish VR from pre...

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...e VR by our definition. Correct projection of the imagery on large screens can also create a VR experience, this being the subject of this paper. Previous work in the VR area dates back to Sutherland =-=[12]-=-, who in 1965 wrote about the “Ultimate Display.” Later in the decade at the University of Utah, Jim Clark developed a system that allowed wireframe graphics VR to be seen through a headmounted, BOOM-...

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...ensional Displays. To distinguish VR from previous developments in computer graphics, we list the depth cues one gets in the real world. 1. Introduction 1.1. Virtual Reality Overview Howard Rheingold =-=[11]-=- defines virtual reality (VR) as an experience in which a person is “surrounded by a threedimensional computer-generated representation, and is able to move around in the virtual world and see it from...

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...acking, not head tracking, and do not generally operate in binocular stereo. Omnimax theaters give a large angle of view [8], occasionally in stereo, but are not interactive. Head-tracked monitors [4]=-=[6]-=- provide all but a large angle of view. Head-mounted displays (HMD) [7][13] and BOOMs [9] use motion of the actual display screens to achieve VR by our definition. Correct projection of the imagery on...

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... tracking, not head tracking, and do not generally operate in binocular stereo. Omnimax theaters give a large angle of view [8], occasionally in stereo, but are not interactive. Head-tracked monitors =-=[4]-=-[6] provide all but a large angle of view. Head-mounted displays (HMD) [7][13] and BOOMs [9] use motion of the actual display screens to achieve VR by our definition. Correct projection of the imagery...

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...ters give a large angle of view [8], occasionally in stereo, but are not interactive. Head-tracked monitors [4][6] provide all but a large angle of view. Head-mounted displays (HMD) [7][13] and BOOMs =-=[9]-=- use motion of the actual display screens to achieve VR by our definition. Correct projection of the imagery on large screens can also create a VR experience, this being the subject of this paper. Pre...

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...al-time viewer-centered headtracking perspective with a large angle of view, interactive control, and binocular display. A competing term, virtual environments (VE), chosen for “truth in advertising” =-=[1]-=-, has a somewhat grander definition which also correctly encompasses touch, smell, and sound. Although VE is part of the CAVE acronym, we will use the initials VR herein to conform to mainstream usage...

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...o. Omnimax theaters give a large angle of view [8], occasionally in stereo, but are not interactive. Head-tracked monitors [4][6] provide all but a large angle of view. Head-mounted displays (HMD) [7]=-=[13]-=- and BOOMs [9] use motion of the actual display screens to achieve VR by our definition. Correct projection of the imagery on large screens can also create a VR experience, this being the subject of t...

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...ereo. Omnimax theaters give a large angle of view [8], occasionally in stereo, but are not interactive. Head-tracked monitors [4][6] provide all but a large angle of view. Head-mounted displays (HMD) =-=[7]-=-[13] and BOOMs [9] use motion of the actual display screens to achieve VR by our definition. Correct projection of the imagery on large screens can also create a VR experience, this being the subject ...

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...: Virtual Reality; I.3.1 definition above. Flight simulators provide vehicle tracking, not head tracking, and do not generally operate in binocular stereo. Omnimax theaters give a large angle of view =-=[8]-=-, occasionally in stereo, but are not interactive. Head-tracked monitors [4][6] provide all but a large angle of view. Head-mounted displays (HMD) [7][13] and BOOMs [9] use motion of the actual displa...

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...ould be blurry. The name of our virtual reality theater, “CAVE,” is both a recursive acronym (CAVE Automatic Virtual Environment) and a reference to “The Simile of the Cave” found in Plato's Republic =-=[10]-=-, in which the philosopher discusses inferring reality (ideal forms) from projections (shadows) on the cave wall. The current CAVE was designed in early 1991, and it was implemented and demonstrated t...