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... with which it has not interacted, it needs to gather information from the network and infer the trustworthiness. The EigenTrust algorithm calculates trust with a variation on the PageRank algorithm (=-=Page, Brin, Motwani, & Winograd, 1998-=-), used by Google for rating the relevance of web pages to a search. Advogato is a website, at http://advogato.org, that serves as a community discussion board and resource for free software developer...

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...ge body of work on algorithms for inferring trust in social networks. While designed for peer-to-peer systems rather than social networks, one of the most widely cited trust algorithms is EigenTrust (=-=Kamvar, Schlosser, & Garcia-Molina, 2004-=-). It considers trust as a function of corrupt vs. valid files that that a peer provides. A peer maintains information about the trustworthiness of peers with which it has interacted based on the 4spr...

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...larity and friendship, or interpersonal attraction. A positive relationship between attitude similarity and friendship has been shown in (Burgess & Wallin, 1943), (Newcomb, 1961), (Byrne, 1961), and (=-=Byrne, 1971-=-). In the recommender systems literature, there have been several studies that touch on similarity and trust. (Sinha & Swearingen, 2001) and (Swearingen & Sinha, 2001) have shown that users tend to tr...

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...tives to gain something extra by extending trust are just a few 2sof these factors. For trust to be used as a rating between people in social networks, the definition must be focused and simplified. (=-=Marsh, 1994-=-) addressed the issue of formalizing trust as a computational concept in his PhD dissertation at the University of Stirling. His model is complex and based on social and psychological factors. Althoug...

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...however, strong results linking similarity and friendship, or interpersonal attraction. A positive relationship between attitude similarity and friendship has been shown in (Burgess & Wallin, 1943), (=-=Newcomb, 1961-=-), (Byrne, 1961), and (Byrne, 1971). In the recommender systems literature, there have been several studies that touch on similarity and trust. (Sinha & Swearingen, 2001) and (Swearingen & Sinha, 2001...

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...ome must have greater negative implications than the good outcome has positive implications has been countered in other work (Golebmiewski & McConike, 1975), which does not always require disparity. (=-=Sztompka, 1999-=-) presents and justifies a simple, general definition of trust similar to that of Deutsch: “Trust is a bet about the future contingent actions of others.” There are two main components of this definit...

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...rmation from people when aggregating or filtering data. At the same time, social networking has become a major movement on the web, with hundreds of websites comprising hundreds of millions of users (=-=Golbeck, 2005-=-). Many social networks allow users to express information about their relationships, including how much they trust people. This provides a minimally invasive way to collect information about users’ s...

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...trust as they determine it (rather than computing it for them). This differs from the agent system in Marsh’s work, and that divergence in goals prevents an application of his model in this context. (=-=Castelfranchi & Falcone, 1998-=-), (Castelfranchi & Falcone, 2002) present an excellent analysis of trust in multi-agent systems. The break trust down into its components, including the beliefs that must be held to develop trust, ho...

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...xtensive background. Because the data that we have chosen as our focus is limited to single values, the more advanced and complex model of Castelfranchi and Falcone does not translate into our case. (=-=Deutsch, 1962-=-) contains a frequently referenced definition of trust. He states that trusting behavior occurs when a person (say Alice) encounters a situation where she perceives an ambiguous path. The result of fo...

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.... Advogato is a website, at http://advogato.org, that serves as a community discussion board and resource for free software developers. It also is the testbed for Raph Levin’s trust metrics research (=-=Levin & Aiken, 1998-=-). Each user on the site has a single trust rating calculated from the perspective of designated seeds (authoritative nodes). Trust calculations are made using a network flow model. His metric compose...

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... been shown in (Burgess & Wallin, 1943), (Newcomb, 1961), (Byrne, 1961), and (Byrne, 1971). In the recommender systems literature, there have been several studies that touch on similarity and trust. (=-=Sinha & Swearingen, 2001-=-) and (Swearingen & Sinha, 2001) have shown that users tend to trust systems more if they recommend items that they previously liked. That is, a system that demonstrates similarity with the user’s pre...

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... sparse, it is difficult to compute similarity measures between users. How profile similarity relates to trust is a relatively unexplored space. Trust-based recommender systems like (Ziegler, 2005), (=-=Massa & Bhattacharjee, 2004-=-), (Golbeck, 2006) assume trust captures similarity between users. The relationship between trust and overall similarity was shown in (Ziegler & Golbeck, 2006). However, in previous work, we saw that ...

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...on, we introduce the FilmTrust website and present an overview of the relevant results. More thorough discussions of this system and the results can be found in (Golbeck, 2005), (Golbeck, 2006), and (=-=Golbeck & Hendler, 2006-=-). 3.1 The FilmTrust Website The FilmTrust website, at http://trust.mindswap.org/FilmTrust, is a social network with trust ratings. Users maintain the standard social network information, and also rat...

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...n, 1943), (Newcomb, 1961), (Byrne, 1961), and (Byrne, 1971). In the recommender systems literature, there have been several studies that touch on similarity and trust. (Sinha & Swearingen, 2001) and (=-=Swearingen & Sinha, 2001-=-) have shown that users tend to trust systems more if they recommend items that they previously liked. That is, a system that demonstrates similarity with the user’s preference is more trustworthy. Us...

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...esults linking similarity and friendship, or interpersonal attraction. A positive relationship between attitude similarity and friendship has been shown in (Burgess & Wallin, 1943), (Newcomb, 1961), (=-=Byrne, 1961-=-), and (Byrne, 1971). In the recommender systems literature, there have been several studies that touch on similarity and trust. (Sinha & Swearingen, 2001) and (Swearingen & Sinha, 2001) have shown th...

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...mender systems like (Ziegler, 2005), (Massa & Bhattacharjee, 2004), (Golbeck, 2006) assume trust captures similarity between users. The relationship between trust and overall similarity was shown in (=-=Ziegler & Golbeck, 2006-=-). However, in previous work, we saw that trust-based recommendations outperformed collaborative filtering algorithms in certain cases (Golbeck, 2005). Because collaborative filtering algorithms use o...

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...r than computing it for them). This differs from the agent system in Marsh’s work, and that divergence in goals prevents an application of his model in this context. (Castelfranchi & Falcone, 1998), (=-=Castelfranchi & Falcone, 2002-=-) present an excellent analysis of trust in multi-agent systems. The break trust down into its components, including the beliefs that must be held to develop trust, how that relates to previous experi...

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...n the ratings are sparse, it is difficult to compute similarity measures between users. How profile similarity relates to trust is a relatively unexplored space. Trust-based recommender systems like (=-=Ziegler, 2005-=-), (Massa & Bhattacharjee, 2004), (Golbeck, 2006) assume trust captures similarity between users. The relationship between trust and overall similarity was shown in (Ziegler & Golbeck, 2006). However,...

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...ted from a social network that we present is FilmTrust, a recommender system. There are other applications of trust. In other work we have discussed the use of trust for priorities in default logics (=-=Katz & Golbeck, 2006-=-), the basis for a trust-based policy system. We are currently also looking at using trust in other policy systems and for belief revision. In these applications, we need an accurate estimate of trust...

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...specific ways). There is, however, strong results linking similarity and friendship, or interpersonal attraction. A positive relationship between attitude similarity and friendship has been shown in (=-=Burgess & Wallin, 1943-=-), (Newcomb, 1961), (Byrne, 1961), and (Byrne, 1971). In the recommender systems literature, there have been several studies that touch on similarity and trust. (Sinha & Swearingen, 2001) and (Swearin...

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...ps necessary to ensure the good outcome. The requirement that the bad outcome must have greater negative implications than the good outcome has positive implications has been countered in other work (=-=Golebmiewski & McConike, 1975-=-), which does not always require disparity. (Sztompka, 1999) presents and justifies a simple, general definition of trust similar to that of Deutsch: “Trust is a bet about the future contingent action...