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...se,salthough this may be skewed due to vast amount of Caucasian participants in this studys(97%). Previous studies have found that African American adults are the most activesusers of the mobile web (=-=Lenhart, Purcell, Smith, & Zickuhr, 2010-=-). Our study had nosAfrican American or Hispanic participants. This skewed participant ethnicity is likely duesto the low incidence of CF in individuals with African American (1 in 15,000 births) orsH...

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...ted food present.sLack of pancreatic secretion and fluid causes retention of digestive proenzymes retainedsin the pancreatic ducts and tissue destruction as a result of prematurely activated enzymess(=-=Ratjen & Döring, 2003-=-). Pancreatic duct obstruction prevents the enzyme release in thesduodenum, which causes poor digestion of fat, proteins and carbohydrates. Malnutritions3soccurs due to inadequate food digestion and i...

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...issing or intimate contact; ridingsin the same vehicle or sharing the same car; fitness/exercise class at the same time; andssharing personal items, drinking cups, utensils, or respiratory equipment (=-=Saiman, 2003-=-).sCF patients and their families must be educated on ways to prevent transmission ofsrespiratory pathogens. This policy discourages and prevents CF patients from attendings7sin-person support groups ...

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...or social interaction issconsidered a social media site. Social media has gained popularity in the past decade:samong Internet users, social networking use increased from 8% to 67% from 2005 tos2012 (=-=O'Keeffe & Clarke-Pearson, 2011-=-). In 2013, 73% of adults were found to now usesa social networking site of some kind (Duggan & Smith, 2014). The adoption of socialsmedia in the mainstream has moved the Internet beyond a tool for ob...

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...l media. Blogs are generallysdefined as “web-based journals in which entries are published in reverse chronologicalssequence” and also contain a space for other users to comment on the journal entrys(=-=Rains & Keating, 2011-=-). Collaborative projects, such as Wikipedia, are based on the ideasthat the joint effort of many actors leads to a better outcome than any actor could achievesindividually and allow users to add, rem...

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...atty & Lambert, 2013). Online social supportsprograms targeting chronic illness have been shown to decrease symptoms and improveshealth behaviors, self-efficacy, and satisfaction with health service (=-=Lorig et al., 2008-=-).sThese support groups can foster a sense of community and increase the availability ofssocial support. Previous studies found that users felt online support groups replaced thesnetworks that their f...

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...ted bone disease (e.g., fracture, osteopenia orsosteoporosis) or joint problems ("2012 Annual Patient Report," 2013).sIn 1969, CF patients in industrialized countries had a mean survival of 14 yearss(=-=Doring, Flume, Heijerman, & Elborn, 2012-=-). Currently, the median lifetime agesexpectancy of a CF patient in the United States is 41.1 years old ("2012 Annual PatientsReport," 2013). In 1991, over 32% of CF patients in the United States were...

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...tsswho have been infected with the bacterial infection, B. cepacia, segregation from otherspatients caused feelings of isolation, anger, and, on occasion, feelings of being as“microbiological leper” (=-=Duff, 2002-=-).sPrevious studies have shown that adolescent females with CF have been shown toshave a higher mortality and poorer health-related quality of life than males (AriassLlorente, Bousono Garcia, & Diaz M...

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...factors, including the number of therapies required on a daily basis,sthe frequency of such therapies, the complexity of administering therapies, and thesamount of time needed to complete a therapy” (=-=Sawicki, Sellers, & Robinson, 2009-=-). Weshypothesize that the more significant the participant perceives their symptoms to be, thesmore likely they are to use social media. Patterson et. al, 2001 hypothesized that patientsshave shiftin...

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...nts are optimistic acceptances(cognitive approach) and distraction (behavior avoidance). Individuals who weresoptimistic about their CF and accepted their future with CF had superior quality of lifes(=-=Abbott, Hart, Morton, Gee, & Conway, 2008-=-). Patients may make themselves feel bettersby choosing to “forget” and “escape” their CF without confronting their disease (Abbottset al., 2008). This need for distraction may lead to an increase in ...

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...and FEV1 (to evaluatesphysical health) found depressive symptoms were common in adults with CF andsindividuals with depressive symptoms were more likely to have poorer health relatedsquality of life (=-=Riekert, Bartlett, Boyle, Krishnan, & Rand, 2007-=-). For those CF patientsswho have been infected with the bacterial infection, B. cepacia, segregation from otherspatients caused feelings of isolation, anger, and, on occasion, feelings of being as“mi...

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...nd “escape” their CF without confronting their disease (Abbottset al., 2008). This need for distraction may lead to an increase in risk-seeking behavior,ssuch as smoking, drinking alcohol, and drugs (=-=Suris & Parera, 2005-=-; Withers, 2012). Allsof these risky behaviors can lead to further health complications, such as decreased lungsfunction from smoking or pancreatitis from drinking alcohol.s1.3. Social MediasSince the...

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...chesspeople on an emotional as well as a rational level, relates to people’s social or lifescontexts, is a combination of interpersonal communication and mass media, is tailored,sand is interactive” (=-=Shaw & Johnson, 2011-=-). Social networks enable individuals tosexchange information on such subjects such as bodily symptoms, clinical diagnosis andstreatment options, adverse treatment effects, sources of medical evidence...

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...tøen, Wahl, & Hanestad, 2003; Glasscoe & Quittner, 2008; Schwartz &sDrotar, 2009). Because the demands of CF typically begin to decrease in adolescence,sthis can be a particularly challenging period (=-=Ernst, Johnson, & Stark, 2011-=-). Dailystreatments for adults with CF include the use of PERTs, monitoring of caloric intake,schest physiotherapy, inhaled bronchodilators, inhaled antibiotics, inhaled mucolytics, andsanti-inflammat...

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...g with a genetic counselor or attending an in person supportsgroup, which may only provide a few hours of support monthly or even yearly, socialsmedia allows individuals to access support more often (=-=Edwardsen et al., 2013-=-; Obst &sStafurik, 2010).sThe majority of our participants used Facebook as a social media site for CFrelated support. This can be attributed to the fact that our survey link was postedspredominantly ...

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...ce the limitations and demands of having CF with the developmental goalssassociated with transitioning to adulthood and becoming independent (Badlan, 2006;sGjengedal, Rustøen, Wahl, & Hanestad, 2003; =-=Glasscoe & Quittner, 2008-=-; Schwartz &sDrotar, 2009). Because the demands of CF typically begin to decrease in adolescence,sthis can be a particularly challenging period (Ernst, Johnson, & Stark, 2011). Dailystreatments for ad...

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... supportsgroup is defined as “a group of people, sometimes led by a professional, who provideseach other with moral support, information and advice relating to a shared characteristicsor experience” (=-=Plumridge, Metcalfe, Coad, & Gill, 2012-=-). Participants can sharesinformation and develop friendships, which can reduce users’ feelings of isolations(Johnson, Ravert, & Everton, 2001). People can participate in online communities in twosway...

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...isability, in which participants reported one to ten hours per week, or diabetes, in whichsthe majority of participants reported using social media daily (Obst & Stafurik, 2010;sShaw & Johnson, 2011; =-=Shpigelman & Gill, 2014-=-). Compared to traditional supportsvenues, such as speaking with a genetic counselor or attending an in person supportsgroup, which may only provide a few hours of support monthly or even yearly, soci...

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...rs can “like” a post or comment on the post in response. Twitter™ issa “microblogging” website in which individuals share “small bursts of information calledsTweets,” which up to 140 characters long (=-=Twitter, 2013-=-). Users can add a hashtagssymbol (#) before a key phrase, which can be used to categorize their message with othersusers.s1.4. Social Media as a Form of SupportsResearch suggests that “health communi...

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...ls on CF-related social media sites are female.sThis can be attributed to the female gender, which, according to the World HealthsOrganization, has a higher incidence of depression compared to males (=-=WHO, 2014-=-).sThis gender difference may also be due to the “CF-gender gap,” where females with CFshave lower rates of mortality and survival compared to males with CF (Sweezey &sRatjen, 2014). Women with CF ten...