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...s can be regarded as being advantageous,sfor employees they are likely to be associated with disadvantages such as jobsinsecurity, fewer promotion prospects and lower wages and fringe benefi ts (e.g.s=-=Booth et al., 2002-=-). The disadvantages might be less severe in the academic laborsmarket (Mertens et al., 2007), but if evaluated against the standard employmentsrelationship,1stemporary employment still comprises a le...

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...mpirical evidence about fi elds effects on the incidence of temporary employment – asdimension of labor market outcomes, which has been widely discussed in recentsyears (e.g. Giesecke and Groß, 2003; =-=Kalleberg, 2000-=-; Polavieja, 2006) but hassnot been systematically related to fi elds of study yet (one exception being desVries and Wolbers, 2005). We restrict our considerations to higher educationsgraduates in ord...

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...fi rm specifi c capital and monitoring costs are highest amongsservice class positions, it seems to be rational for employers to offer long-termsemployment relationships in order to retain employees (=-=Goldthorpe, 2000-=-).sThus, temporary employment within the service classes can be expected to besat PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV on May 12, 2016cos.sagepub.comDownloaded froms286 International Journal of Comparative Sociolo...

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...ary jobssappear to be mediated by positional characteristics. Such positional differencessregarding temporary employment can be found at the level of industry sectors,sas empirical results show (e.g. =-=Boockmann and Hagen, 2001-=-; Polavieja, 2006;sUzzi and Barsness, 1998). These industry differentials might be explained by differences in the degree of employment protection for permanent positions. Wesassume temporary jobs to ...

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...ypically found in internal labor markets), but might also increase thesincentives of temporary workers to be productive if they want their fi xed-termscontracts to be transformed into permanent ones (=-=Polavieja, 2003-=-). While for employers temporary jobs can be regarded as being advantageous,sfor employees they are likely to be associated with disadvantages such as jobsinsecurity, fewer promotion prospects and low...

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...th disadvantages such as jobsinsecurity, fewer promotion prospects and lower wages and fringe benefi ts (e.g.sBooth et al., 2002). The disadvantages might be less severe in the academic laborsmarket (=-=Mertens et al., 2007-=-), but if evaluated against the standard employmentsrelationship,1stemporary employment still comprises a less valuable option thatsbears additional individual risks for employees (Giesecke and Groß, ...

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... characteristics. Such positional differencessregarding temporary employment can be found at the level of industry sectors,sas empirical results show (e.g. Boockmann and Hagen, 2001; Polavieja, 2006;s=-=Uzzi and Barsness, 1998-=-). These industry differentials might be explained by differences in the degree of employment protection for permanent positions. Wesassume temporary jobs to be used more frequently for screening and ...

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...in the Britishseducational system – the degree of standardization is low. The differences insstandardization are refl ected in the degree of signaling that is argued to be morespronounced in Germany (=-=Breen, 2005-=-). German employers are assumed to besgenerally more aware of the kind of knowledge graduates from specifi c fi eldsspossess (which can be either specifi c or general), whereas uncertainty about thess...

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...s additional information. Moreover, in addition to the higher degree of standardization, the Germanshigher education system comprises many study programs with a clear occupation-related profi le (see =-=Müller et al., 1998-=-), while the British system is geared tosat PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV on May 12, 2016cos.sagepub.comDownloaded fromsGiesecke and Schindler Field of Study and Flexible Work 287 providing more general ski...

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... argument by presenting empirical evidence about fi elds effects on the incidence of temporary employment – asdimension of labor market outcomes, which has been widely discussed in recentsyears (e.g. =-=Giesecke and Groß, 2003-=-; Kalleberg, 2000; Polavieja, 2006) but hassnot been systematically related to fi elds of study yet (one exception being desVries and Wolbers, 2005). We restrict our considerations to higher education...

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... about fi elds effects on the incidence of temporary employment – asdimension of labor market outcomes, which has been widely discussed in recentsyears (e.g. Giesecke and Groß, 2003; Kalleberg, 2000; =-=Polavieja, 2006-=-) but hassnot been systematically related to fi elds of study yet (one exception being desVries and Wolbers, 2005). We restrict our considerations to higher educationsgraduates in order to hold vertic...

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...rmanent staff. Thus, the public sector in particular, which exhibits aboveaverage employment protection for permanent jobs, can be expected to usesfi xed-term contracts more often than other sectors (=-=Giesecke, 2006-=-). Moreover,sthe incidence of temporary jobs might differ between industries because somesindustry sectors are partly composed of fi rms that are exposed to high fl uctuations in the demand for their ...

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...OUNTRY DIFFERENCES Based on the empirical fi ndings of the research on school-to-work transitions,swhich show that different systems utilize different mechanisms in the allocationsto employment (e.g. =-=Allmendinger, 1989-=-; Müller and Gangl, 2003), we can expectsan impact from institutional arrangements on the role fi elds of study play in thesprocess of allocating graduates to temporary versus permanent jobs. To inves...

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...ertens et al., 2007), but if evaluated against the standard employmentsrelationship,1stemporary employment still comprises a less valuable option thatsbears additional individual risks for employees (=-=Giesecke and Groß, 2004-=-). The Link between Fields of Study and Flexible Work Fields of study may be related to temporary employment for at least two reasons.sFirst, fi elds provide graduates with certain skills, which in tu...