Citation Context

...ansmission. As this method is well established method but, due to the limitation of its slow switching time it is replaced by Thyristor controllers, which are fast acting devices due to which rapid and continuous control of line compensation is possible. Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) is one of the controllers used for series compensation. TCSC is a FACT device which is a combination of thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) parallel with capacitor. TCR is a variable inductive reactor XL (α) controlled by firing angle α. The variation of XL (α) with respect to α can be calculated by [12]: ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765 ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875 International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Vol. 2, Issue 7, July 2013 Copyright to IJAREEIE www.ijareeie.com 2851 XL (α) = --------- (1) The controlled reactor is placed across the series capacitor, so that TCSC can be modelled as a variable parallel LC circuit, made of a fixed capacitive impedance Xc, and a variable inductive impedance XL (α), as follows, XTCSC = ------------- (2) where α is the delay angle measured from the peak of the capacitor voltage (or, equivalently, the ze...

Citation Context

...e the suitable training data Step 2- Create the network object Step 3- Train the network and Step 4- Simulate the network response to new inputs. Fig. 3: Architecture of artificial neural network IV. DISTANCE PROTECTION BASICS AND EFFECTS OF SC ON PROTECTION A. DISTANCE RELAYS Distance relays, as the name says, measures distance. This is true in case of transmission line, as distance relay measures the impedance between the relay point and the fault location. This impedance is proportional to the length of the conductor, and hence to the distance between the relaying point and the fault [13]. ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765 ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875 International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Vol. 2, Issue 7, July 2013 Copyright to IJAREEIE www.ijareeie.com 2853 B. Zones Of Protection Basically distance protection has instant directional Zone 1 protection and one or more time delayed zones. Numerical distance relays consists up to five zones, of which some are used in the reverse direction. The instant Zone I protection setting is up to 85% of the protected line using Numerical distance relays. The Zone 2 protection setting sh...

Citation Context

...ed Series Capacitor, I. INTRODUCTION Presently due to the deregulation of power industry and the restriction faced by power industry due to energy, environmental and regulatory issues, the main challenge is to improve the power transfer capability and also to improve the system integrity of the given transmission facility. The above mentioned problem can be addressed by using series compensation. Series compensation when introduced in power systems influences the power flow in a particular network segment which reduces active power losses and also prevents system - sub synchronous oscillations[1]-[3]. FACTS device are normally used in power systems which takes care of the power transfer capability, voltage stability and power oscillation damping. Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) is one of the series compensation device used but, the use of TCSC creates certain problems for conventional distance protection schemes due to the changes in the apparent impedance measured by the relay. The apparent impedance seen by the relay is influenced by the uncertain variation of series compensation voltage [4]-[5]. Providers of transmission facilities normally prefer distance protection a...

Citation Context

...eries Capacitor, I. INTRODUCTION Presently due to the deregulation of power industry and the restriction faced by power industry due to energy, environmental and regulatory issues, the main challenge is to improve the power transfer capability and also to improve the system integrity of the given transmission facility. The above mentioned problem can be addressed by using series compensation. Series compensation when introduced in power systems influences the power flow in a particular network segment which reduces active power losses and also prevents system - sub synchronous oscillations[1]-[3]. FACTS device are normally used in power systems which takes care of the power transfer capability, voltage stability and power oscillation damping. Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) is one of the series compensation device used but, the use of TCSC creates certain problems for conventional distance protection schemes due to the changes in the apparent impedance measured by the relay. The apparent impedance seen by the relay is influenced by the uncertain variation of series compensation voltage [4]-[5]. Providers of transmission facilities normally prefer distance protection as th...

Citation Context

...n system, As series compensation is introduced in power transmission lines it needs additional attention while choosing the protection scheme as series compensation requires extra care in addition to the well know protection challenges on HV transmission networks . In modern days power system protection systems has become intelligent has it uses micro processor based techniques like Artificial Neural Networks to improve distance protection of transmission line with TCSC compensation which uses back propagation algorithm and is extensively tested using MATLAB Simulation for different conditions[6]-[11]. This paper is organized as follows: In the first section the introduction to Protection of Series Compensated Transmission Lines using Artificial Neural Networks is discussed, in the second section brief introduction of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor(TCSC) is presented, in the third section Artificial Neural Networks are discussed, in the fourth section Distance Protection basics and effect of SC Compensation on Protection is presented, in fifth section simulation methods used and results are presented and in sixth section conclusions based on the results obtained are presented. ...

Citation Context

...stem, As series compensation is introduced in power transmission lines it needs additional attention while choosing the protection scheme as series compensation requires extra care in addition to the well know protection challenges on HV transmission networks . In modern days power system protection systems has become intelligent has it uses micro processor based techniques like Artificial Neural Networks to improve distance protection of transmission line with TCSC compensation which uses back propagation algorithm and is extensively tested using MATLAB Simulation for different conditions[6]-[11]. This paper is organized as follows: In the first section the introduction to Protection of Series Compensated Transmission Lines using Artificial Neural Networks is discussed, in the second section brief introduction of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor(TCSC) is presented, in the third section Artificial Neural Networks are discussed, in the fourth section Distance Protection basics and effect of SC Compensation on Protection is presented, in fifth section simulation methods used and results are presented and in sixth section conclusions based on the results obtained are presented. II. T...