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...ng our attention (outside the purely psychiatric literature which exceeds my competence here) is that concerned with the impact of judicial decisions on the constitutionality of prison conditions (eg =-=Feeley and Rubin 1998-=-). b) Europe. This last characteristic of American work (namely its interest in external oversight and judicial intervention) is one shared by the majority of work so far appearing on European compari...

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...icitly to return power to staff. The political mandate was to provide ‘decent but austere’ regimes for prisoners2 . There were other pressures contributing to the new penal landscape (see for example =-=King 1999-=-), some of which will be considered below. 2. This was not an issue on which there was a consensus. 119Evaluation of close supervision centres The work of the control project team included a review o...

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...sons (much of this material is digested in Sparks et al. 1996, 167Evaluation of close supervision centres chapter 2). However in latter years the tradition of American prison sociology has declined (=-=Simon 2000-=-; King 1999), and prisons literature has tended to bifurcate between a purely professional one and an (in my view defensibly) oppositional and polemical one (Parenti 1999; Wacquant 1999), neither of t...

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...ogy has declined (Simon 2000; King 1999), and prisons literature has tended to bifurcate between a purely professional one and an (in my view defensibly) oppositional and polemical one (Parenti 1999; =-=Wacquant 1999-=-), neither of them strongly grounded in observational research. The experience (for better or worse) of prisons such as Marion, Florence or Leavenworth have an obvious claim on our attention, but it s...

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... prison sociology has declined (Simon 2000; King 1999), and prisons literature has tended to bifurcate between a purely professional one and an (in my view defensibly) oppositional and polemical one (=-=Parenti 1999-=-; Wacquant 1999), neither of them strongly grounded in observational research. The experience (for better or worse) of prisons such as Marion, Florence or Leavenworth have an obvious claim on our atte...

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...the complex nature of the mental health needs of prisoners such as those being held in the CSC system (confirmed also by previous research relating to similar prisoners in the earlier CRC Units, e.g. =-=Bottomley et al. 1994-=-; Coid 1991), the seniority and level of clinical experience of the psychologists working in the Woodhill centres was surprisingly low, although they had been proactive in participating in specialist ...

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...rnal ‘net widening’) and to a preference for draconian interventions in response to them. Even if we take it as given that (notwithstanding isolated examples of good practice or institutional design (=-=King 1991-=-)) the contemporary United States does not provide a model that we wish to buy wholesale, King’s argument raises some general issues. For example, under what surrounding conditions are decisions to in...

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...me exchanges of personnel at both practitioner and researcher levels (eg Bottomley et al. 1994) there has been remarkably little systematic comparative work on the English and Scottish cases (but see =-=King 1994-=-). Almost all of the academic research has been, unsurprisingly, expressly evaluative in character and tied more or less closely to one or other already-ongoing review process (see Sparks et al. 1996,...