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...oplastic cells accordingsto the modified grading scheme of Bloom and Richardson: grade 1,sgrade 2 and grade 3 correspond to well, moderately and poorlysdifferentiated invasive carcinoma of the breast =-=[7]-=-.sImmunohistochemistry was performed on one or two selected paraffinsblocks, from each case on 4µm tissue sections plassed on poly-L-lysinecoated glass slides. In brief, tissue sections were deparaffi...

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...ds: Angiogenesis, ER, PgR, p53, Ki-67, PCNA, breast cancer Introduction Angiogenesis, the formation of new capillaries from the existing vascularsnetwork, is essential for tumor growth and metastasis =-=[8]-=-. Sequentialsinteraction of neoplastic cells with this neovasculature is now believed tosbe one of the most significant step in metastasis [22]. Tumor cellsscapable of rapid proliferation are thought ...

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... willsconsequently restrict tumor growth [8]. Vascularization is likewisesconsidered to permit shedding of cells from the primary tumor to distantsbody sites, thus facilitating the metastatic process =-=[32]-=-. Quantitativeshistological studies have suggested that angiogenesis, as assessed bysintratumoral microvascular density (IMV) in hot spots, correlates withsprognosis in human tumors [6,12,23,28,35]. I...

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...he twosstages of the tumor development, the relatively dormant prevascularsphase and the active vascular phase which is followed by rapid tumorsgrowth, local invasion and the potential for metastasis =-=[9]-=-. Varioussmechanisms responsible for this switch are being suggested, includingsmutation or functional loss of p53 [29]. Several studies show that thesevaluation of the tumor angiogenic phenotype by i...

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...loss of p53 [29]. Several studies show that thesevaluation of the tumor angiogenic phenotype by immunohistochemicalsdetermination of microvessel density could have a prognostic value insbreast cancer =-=[3,21,27,30, 33]-=-. However, other studies failed tosdemonstrate this hypothesis [1,2,4,13,14,18-20,24,27]. In this report wesevaluated the MVD with two established methods in correlation withsvariables clinicopatholog...

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...tatic process [32]. Quantitativeshistological studies have suggested that angiogenesis, as assessed bysintratumoral microvascular density (IMV) in hot spots, correlates withsprognosis in human tumors =-=[6,12,23,28,35]-=-. It has been proposed that inssolid tumors, a switch to the angiogenic phenotype demarcates the twosstages of the tumor development, the relatively dormant prevascularsphase and the active vascular p...

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...larsnetwork, is essential for tumor growth and metastasis [8]. Sequentialsinteraction of neoplastic cells with this neovasculature is now believed tosbe one of the most significant step in metastasis =-=[22]-=-. Tumor cellsscapable of rapid proliferation are thought to be dependent on persistentsblood vessels to expand, and the absence of neovascularization willsconsequently restrict tumor growth [8]. Vascu...

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...tatic process [32]. Quantitativeshistological studies have suggested that angiogenesis, as assessed bysintratumoral microvascular density (IMV) in hot spots, correlates withsprognosis in human tumors =-=[6,12,23,28,35]-=-. It has been proposed that inssolid tumors, a switch to the angiogenic phenotype demarcates the twosstages of the tumor development, the relatively dormant prevascularsphase and the active vascular p...

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...loss of p53 [29]. Several studies show that thesevaluation of the tumor angiogenic phenotype by immunohistochemicalsdetermination of microvessel density could have a prognostic value insbreast cancer =-=[3,21,27,30, 33]-=-. However, other studies failed tosdemonstrate this hypothesis [1,2,4,13,14,18-20,24,27]. In this report wesevaluated the MVD with two established methods in correlation withsvariables clinicopatholog...

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...tatic process [32]. Quantitativeshistological studies have suggested that angiogenesis, as assessed bysintratumoral microvascular density (IMV) in hot spots, correlates withsprognosis in human tumors =-=[6,12,23,28,35]-=-. It has been proposed that inssolid tumors, a switch to the angiogenic phenotype demarcates the twosstages of the tumor development, the relatively dormant prevascularsphase and the active vascular p...

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...is, assreported in previous study in breast cancer [26] and in othersmalignancies [17,29].sMany studies have shown a correlation between tumor cell proliferationsrates and outcome in breast carcinoma =-=[15,34]-=-. Tumor cell proliferationsoccurs in part because the growth of new tumor vessels allows forsexchange of nutrients, oxygen, waste products. In addition, activatedsintratumoral endothelial cells releas...

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...e other studies [11]. Wild-type p53 protein has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis throughsthrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a potent angiogenic inhibitor[16]. The mutantsp53 is also shown to upregulate VEGF =-=[5]-=-. Overexpressing mutant p53 issalso have recently been shown to have an elevated MVD in colorectalsadenocarcinomas [29]. However, this study could not establish anyscorrelation between p53 immunostain...

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...cells release important paracrine growth factorssfor tumor cells, such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulinsgrowth factors, platelet-derived growth factor, and colony stimulatingsfactors =-=[10]-=- maybe combined with a rapid tumor growth. Furthermore, itshas been shown that endothelial cell growth and proliferation contributesto metastases [10,32].sIn our study we found no relationship between...

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...ddition, in breast cancer, the differences, could be due tosthe treatment response. It has been shown that richly vascularised casessresponded to treatment better than cases with poor vascularisation =-=[25]-=-.sThis is more obvious in our study because of the positive correlation ofsMVD with estrogen receptor content. In the current study we found alsosthat high MVD to be correlated with smaller tumors siz...

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...is, assreported in previous study in breast cancer [26] and in othersmalignancies [17,29].sMany studies have shown a correlation between tumor cell proliferationsrates and outcome in breast carcinoma =-=[15,34]-=-. Tumor cell proliferationsoccurs in part because the growth of new tumor vessels allows forsexchange of nutrients, oxygen, waste products. In addition, activatedsintratumoral endothelial cells releas...

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...elevated MVD in colorectalsadenocarcinomas [29]. However, this study could not establish anyscorrelation between p53 immunostaining and neoangiogenesis, assreported in previous study in breast cancer =-=[26]-=- and in othersmalignancies [17,29].sMany studies have shown a correlation between tumor cell proliferationsrates and outcome in breast carcinoma [15,34]. Tumor cell proliferationsoccurs in part becaus...

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...loss of p53 [29]. Several studies show that thesevaluation of the tumor angiogenic phenotype by immunohistochemicalsdetermination of microvessel density could have a prognostic value insbreast cancer =-=[3,21,27,30, 33]-=-. However, other studies failed tosdemonstrate this hypothesis [1,2,4,13,14,18-20,24,27]. In this report wesevaluated the MVD with two established methods in correlation withsvariables clinicopatholog...

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...andslymph node involvement as well suggesting correlation with tumorsaggressiveness[3]. In the current study we found no relation shipsbetween MVD and lymph node status according to the other studies =-=[11]-=-. Wild-type p53 protein has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis throughsthrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a potent angiogenic inhibitor[16]. The mutantsp53 is also shown to upregulate VEGF [5]. Overexpressing ...

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...shipsbetween MVD and lymph node status according to the other studies [11]. Wild-type p53 protein has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis throughsthrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a potent angiogenic inhibitor=-=[16]-=-. The mutantsp53 is also shown to upregulate VEGF [5]. Overexpressing mutant p53 issalso have recently been shown to have an elevated MVD in colorectalsadenocarcinomas [29]. However, this study could ...

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...ocarcinomas [29]. However, this study could not establish anyscorrelation between p53 immunostaining and neoangiogenesis, assreported in previous study in breast cancer [26] and in othersmalignancies =-=[17,29]-=-.sMany studies have shown a correlation between tumor cell proliferationsrates and outcome in breast carcinoma [15,34]. Tumor cell proliferationsoccurs in part because the growth of new tumor vessels ...

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...loss of p53 [29]. Several studies show that thesevaluation of the tumor angiogenic phenotype by immunohistochemicalsdetermination of microvessel density could have a prognostic value insbreast cancer =-=[3,21,27,30, 33]-=-. However, other studies failed tosdemonstrate this hypothesis [1,2,4,13,14,18-20,24,27]. In this report wesevaluated the MVD with two established methods in correlation withsvariables clinicopatholog...

Citation Context

...tatic process [32]. Quantitativeshistological studies have suggested that angiogenesis, as assessed bysintratumoral microvascular density (IMV) in hot spots, correlates withsprognosis in human tumors =-=[6,12,23,28,35]-=-. It has been proposed that inssolid tumors, a switch to the angiogenic phenotype demarcates the twosstages of the tumor development, the relatively dormant prevascularsphase and the active vascular p...

Citation Context

...loss of p53 [29]. Several studies show that thesevaluation of the tumor angiogenic phenotype by immunohistochemicalsdetermination of microvessel density could have a prognostic value insbreast cancer =-=[3,21,27,30, 33]-=-. However, other studies failed tosdemonstrate this hypothesis [1,2,4,13,14,18-20,24,27]. In this report wesevaluated the MVD with two established methods in correlation withsvariables clinicopatholog...

Citation Context

...tatic process [32]. Quantitativeshistological studies have suggested that angiogenesis, as assessed bysintratumoral microvascular density (IMV) in hot spots, correlates withsprognosis in human tumors =-=[6,12,23,28,35]-=-. It has been proposed that inssolid tumors, a switch to the angiogenic phenotype demarcates the twosstages of the tumor development, the relatively dormant prevascularsphase and the active vascular p...

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...s followed by rapid tumorsgrowth, local invasion and the potential for metastasis [9]. Varioussmechanisms responsible for this switch are being suggested, includingsmutation or functional loss of p53 =-=[29]-=-. Several studies show that thesevaluation of the tumor angiogenic phenotype by immunohistochemicalsdetermination of microvessel density could have a prognostic value insbreast cancer [3,21,27,30, 33]...

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...lation ofsMVD with estrogen receptor content. In the current study we found alsosthat high MVD to be correlated with smaller tumors size. This finding is insaccordance to the findings of Wapnir et al =-=[31]-=- who found an inversesrelationship between microvessel counts and tumor volume in breastscancer. These investigators suggest that, high MVD in small cancersssupports the notion of metastasis as an ear...