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...ep abreast of new and evolving technologies [17]. Many researchers and practitioners agree that context of use should be the driving force in the quest for accurate usability testing and measurements =-=[3, 18]-=-. A recent paper on usability research [7], which examined usability measures from 180 published studies, concluded that choosing an appropriate and acceptable usability measure is a complex and diffi...

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...n the field of usability have developed a variety of diverse views on what usability is and how to study and measure it. Some, when designing new systems, strictly follow ISO definitions of usability =-=[9]-=- and user-centered design [8], while others apply a user-centered approach to evaluate usability of existing search engines [15]. Some researchers branch out in search of new methodologies and metrics...

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...ently face a “language” barrier while trying to convert this knowledge into a few exact terms to formulate an adequate search query. Numerous studies confirm users’ persistence in using short queries =-=[12, 28]-=-. Another drawback of shorter, unfocused queries is the number of results returned by the search engine. Overwhelmed by the task of sifting through a massive volume of returned search results, users f...

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... developed a variety of diverse views on what usability is and how to study and measure it. Some, when designing new systems, strictly follow ISO definitions of usability [9] and user-centered design =-=[8]-=-, while others apply a user-centered approach to evaluate usability of existing search engines [15]. Some researchers branch out in search of new methodologies and metrics in measuring usability [24],...

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... number of results returned by the search engine. Overwhelmed by the task of sifting through a massive volume of returned search results, users frequently examine just the first page (top 10 results) =-=[19, 26]-=- and continue with a new, reformulated, yet still short query, hoping to find more relevant results. This unstructured approach leads to time waste that is caused by the frequent finding/refinding and...

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...o improve quality of search results. Additionally, commercial search engines were designed to find information, while leaving users on their own when they try to store and organize the search results =-=[2]-=- or discover new knowledge [15, 34]. In contrast, the long query meta search engine (LQMSE) incorporates a range of novel functions and addresses many of the above concerns. To perform the actual Web ...

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...7]. Many researchers and practitioners agree that context of use should be the driving force in the quest for accurate usability testing and measurements [3, 18]. A recent paper on usability research =-=[7]-=-, which examined usability measures from 180 published studies, concluded that choosing an appropriate and acceptable usability measure is a complex and difficult process. 1530-1605/07 $20.00 © 2007 I...

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...ocess are ease of use, continuity of efforts and retention of earlier results. Some researchers built a flow theory to measure user’s experience and satisfaction during information seeking activities =-=[20]-=-. Others measure effectiveness of the search engine that provides automated assistance during the search process [11] and detects and eliminates duplicate efforts (submitting same query, examining sam...

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...o measure user’s experience and satisfaction during information seeking activities [20]. Others measure effectiveness of the search engine that provides automated assistance during the search process =-=[11]-=- and detects and eliminates duplicate efforts (submitting same query, examining same search result, etc.) [33]. An important factor of engine usability is its ability to “forgive” errors and allow the...

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...on becomes more efficient if the user can see the search terms, which were used in previous search sessions [33]. Providing a larger search field to allow full query view makes the system more useful =-=[21]-=-. Important elements in the users’ satisfaction with the information retrieval process are ease of use, continuity of efforts and retention of earlier results. Some researchers built a flow theory to ...

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...s many tasks as necessary [30]. Since information retrieval tasks could be performed over a period of time, an engine’s ability to retain and reuse earlier results is high on users’ satisfaction list =-=[29, 33]-=-, especially while conducting multi topic searches. Because search engines regularly return millions of hits, a search engine that filters search results for user relevance evaluation [13, 24] provide...

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...ng same query, examining same search result, etc.) [33]. An important factor of engine usability is its ability to “forgive” errors and allow the user to go back and repeat as many tasks as necessary =-=[30]-=-. Since information retrieval tasks could be performed over a period of time, an engine’s ability to retain and reuse earlier results is high on users’ satisfaction list [29, 33], especially while con...

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...ep abreast of new and evolving technologies [17]. Many researchers and practitioners agree that context of use should be the driving force in the quest for accurate usability testing and measurements =-=[3, 18]-=-. A recent paper on usability research [7], which examined usability measures from 180 published studies, concluded that choosing an appropriate and acceptable usability measure is a complex and diffi...

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...on list [29, 33], especially while conducting multi topic searches. Because search engines regularly return millions of hits, a search engine that filters search results for user relevance evaluation =-=[13, 24]-=- provides welcome help and improves user satisfaction. 3. Long query meta search engine Before we proceed with a description of our study and experiments we will briefly discuss conventional informati...

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...ently face a “language” barrier while trying to convert this knowledge into a few exact terms to formulate an adequate search query. Numerous studies confirm users’ persistence in using short queries =-=[12, 28]-=-. Another drawback of shorter, unfocused queries is the number of results returned by the search engine. Overwhelmed by the task of sifting through a massive volume of returned search results, users f...

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... the frequent finding/refinding and subsequent accepting/discarding of the same documents. To further complicate the problem, very few users are familiar with or use Boolean operators [10] or phrases =-=[32]-=- to improve quality of search results. Additionally, commercial search engines were designed to find information, while leaving users on their own when they try to store and organize the search result...

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...hat is caused by the frequent finding/refinding and subsequent accepting/discarding of the same documents. To further complicate the problem, very few users are familiar with or use Boolean operators =-=[10]-=- or phrases [32] to improve quality of search results. Additionally, commercial search engines were designed to find information, while leaving users on their own when they try to store and organize t...

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...n [8], while others apply a user-centered approach to evaluate usability of existing search engines [15]. Some researchers branch out in search of new methodologies and metrics in measuring usability =-=[24]-=-, while others try to keep abreast of new and evolving technologies [17]. Many researchers and practitioners agree that context of use should be the driving force in the quest for accurate usability t...

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...s Analysis & Design (SA&D) course were randomly selected. Successful completion of this course required some computer competency. Though research proves that user-competency affects usability results =-=[5, 16]-=-, for the purpose of our experiments we assumed that all students performed at the same level. The number of students in each section (group) was approximately the same (30, 32 and 35 students). 5.2 E...

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...udies that measure usability attributes applicable to various tasks of the information retrieval process. Several studies looked at efficiency and user satisfaction with the query formulation process =-=[22, 33]-=-. Others investigated the effectiveness of this process from a query reformulation point of view. Query reformulation becomes more efficient if the user can see the search terms, which were used in pr...

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...sults. Additionally, commercial search engines were designed to find information, while leaving users on their own when they try to store and organize the search results [2] or discover new knowledge =-=[15, 34]-=-. In contrast, the long query meta search engine (LQMSE) incorporates a range of novel functions and addresses many of the above concerns. To perform the actual Web search the LQMSE uses Google. The f...

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... of existing search engines [15]. Some researchers branch out in search of new methodologies and metrics in measuring usability [24], while others try to keep abreast of new and evolving technologies =-=[17]-=-. Many researchers and practitioners agree that context of use should be the driving force in the quest for accurate usability testing and measurements [3, 18]. A recent paper on usability research [7...

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...erms. The number of such combinations is calculated as follows n � i�r n � nCi � n / [( n � i)! � i! ] i�r ! (1) For example, for n = 8 and r = 5 the total number of subqueries is 93. Recent research =-=[31]-=- demonstrates that the number of subqueries could be reduced without significant degradation of results. Once all subqueries are submitted, all search results are filtered according to filter-in/out c...

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...s Analysis & Design (SA&D) course were randomly selected. Successful completion of this course required some computer competency. Though research proves that user-competency affects usability results =-=[5, 16]-=-, for the purpose of our experiments we assumed that all students performed at the same level. The number of students in each section (group) was approximately the same (30, 32 and 35 students). 5.2 E...

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...udies that measure usability attributes applicable to various tasks of the information retrieval process. Several studies looked at efficiency and user satisfaction with the query formulation process =-=[22, 33]-=-. Others investigated the effectiveness of this process from a query reformulation point of view. Query reformulation becomes more efficient if the user can see the search terms, which were used in pr...

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...sults. Additionally, commercial search engines were designed to find information, while leaving users on their own when they try to store and organize the search results [2] or discover new knowledge =-=[15, 34]-=-. In contrast, the long query meta search engine (LQMSE) incorporates a range of novel functions and addresses many of the above concerns. To perform the actual Web search the LQMSE uses Google. The f...