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...ring social mobilization tasks for increased speed. Citation: Alstott J, Madnick S, Velu C (2014) Homophily and the Speed of Social Mobilization: The Effect of Acquired and Ascribed Traits. PLoS ONE 9=-=(4)-=-: e95140. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095140 Editor: Angel Sánchez, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain Received September 24, 2013; Accepted March 25, 2014; Published April 16, 2014 Copyright: 2...

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...whereby activity is more likely to propagate between two individuals if they share a trait [22–24]. The literature differentiates between two types of homophily – status homophily and value homophily =-=[22]-=-. Status homophily includes sociodemographic dimensions that stratify society while value homophily includes internal states presumed to shape our orientation toward future behavior. We focus on statu...

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...tence of extremely large events, such as a mobilization that grows to encompass the entire global social network. We examined the team dynamics in the present study using rigorous statistical methods =-=[31,32]-=-, described in Methods, and found modest support for power laws. The parameter values of these power laws were consistent with those reported previously (Fig. 1B,C). This replication of previously des...

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... the main effect of recruiter age, which showed mobilization speed increasing with recruiter age (Fig. 3D). These interactions of recruiter and recruit age are an instance of the Yule-Simpson paradox =-=[33,34]-=-, in which two variables viewed in isolation appear to have one set of behaviors, but their interaction reveals that they in fact have an opposite set of behaviors. The observed main effects of age mi...

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...le by contacting the authors. Proportional Hazards Model of Mobilization Speeds We modeled the speed of mobilization using a Cox proportional hazard model, which models the time for an event to occur =-=[38]-=-. The time modeled was the interval between when a recruiter and recruit registered, with the time interval beginning when the recruiter registered and ending when the recruit registered. The probabil...

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...tive domains like rescue operations or campaigning prior to elections. For various types of human communication the speed of activity propagation is heterogeneous and its distribution is heavy-tailed =-=[26,27]-=-. Demographic traits influencing speed have also been well characterized for such passive, diffusion-like processes as the spread of product adoption and musical tastes [28–30]. However, in the case o...

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...l hazard model (see Methods), which has been used extensively to describe the spreading of epidemics and subsequently adopted to study diffusion processes on social networks, such as product adoption =-=[28]-=-. The Cox proportional hazard model measured the influence of the four main traits on the speed of mobilization, controlling for other relevant factors (for goodness of fit measures, see Information S...

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...est organized by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in the United States in 2009, which was won by the Red Balloon Challenge team by using a particular monetary incentive structure =-=[12]-=-. Our contest was for Langley Castle Hotel in Northumberland, United Kingdom. The task was to find five knights in parks throughout the United Kingdom on a particular weekend, each with an ID code wri...

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...tive domains like rescue operations or campaigning prior to elections. For various types of human communication the speed of activity propagation is heterogeneous and its distribution is heavy-tailed =-=[26,27]-=-. Demographic traits influencing speed have also been well characterized for such passive, diffusion-like processes as the spread of product adoption and musical tastes [28–30]. However, in the case o...

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... increase the speed of the mobilization. This contest was a framed field experiment, using a voluntary, non-randomized pool of subjects and natural field conditions in many elements of the experiment =-=[35]-=-. Individuals self-selected to participate by joining teams for a specific kind of contest, which involved finding knights for prize money. We controlled for factors that were observed and recorded. I...

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...eading to change in culture or government policy [1–6]. Social mobilization also occurs on much smaller scales, such as friends spontaneously recruiting each other to run search and rescue operations =-=[7,8]-=-. The process of social mobilization can also be purposefully activated and directed; organizations and firms are increasingly turning to social mobilization and large-scale crowdsourcing to solve a v...

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...eading to change in culture or government policy [1–6]. Social mobilization also occurs on much smaller scales, such as friends spontaneously recruiting each other to run search and rescue operations =-=[7,8]-=-. The process of social mobilization can also be purposefully activated and directed; organizations and firms are increasingly turning to social mobilization and large-scale crowdsourcing to solve a v...

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...control variables in the Cox regression (see Methods). In recruitment contests such as this one the timing, generation and quantity of recruitments has previously been shown to influence mobilization =-=[13,14,25,26]-=-, and therefore we control these factors by operationalizing them as described below. Every additional day after registration opened (meaning one less day until the contest began) the social mobilizat...

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...driver of activation spreading is affinity, in which individuals are more likely to take up a particular activation (such as an idea or product) if they have some affinity for that particular subject =-=[25]-=-. Other agents who know the individual’s affinities, then, may preferentially direct information to that individual that will be well received. Analyses of social propagation phenomena have primarily ...

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...tence of extremely large events, such as a mobilization that grows to encompass the entire global social network. We examined the team dynamics in the present study using rigorous statistical methods =-=[31,32]-=-, described in Methods, and found modest support for power laws. The parameter values of these power laws were consistent with those reported previously (Fig. 1B,C). This replication of previously des...

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...control variables in the Cox regression (see Methods). In recruitment contests such as this one the timing, generation and quantity of recruitments has previously been shown to influence mobilization =-=[13,14,25,26]-=-, and therefore we control these factors by operationalizing them as described below. Every additional day after registration opened (meaning one less day until the contest began) the social mobilizat...

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...contest was advertised by Langley Castle, through its web site www. langleycastle.com, newsletters, Facebook pages, email lists, and press releases. A copy of the master press release can be found at =-=[36]-=- and an amusing video is at [37]. Participants registered on the contest website, where they were directed to give demographic information about themselves and how they heard about the contest. Partic...

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...y Castle, through its web site www. langleycastle.com, newsletters, Facebook pages, email lists, and press releases. A copy of the master press release can be found at [36] and an amusing video is at =-=[37]-=-. Participants registered on the contest website, where they were directed to give demographic information about themselves and how they heard about the contest. Participants could register with their...