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478
A third-generation lentivirus vector with a conditional packaging system
- J
, 1998
"... These include: This article cites 46 articles, 29 of which can be accessed free at: ..."
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Cited by 246 (6 self)
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These include: This article cites 46 articles, 29 of which can be accessed free at:
Self-inactivating lentivirus vector for safe and efficient in vivo gene delivery
- J. Virol
, 1998
"... These include: This article cites 31 articles, 21 of which can be accessed free at: ..."
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Cited by 140 (7 self)
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These include: This article cites 31 articles, 21 of which can be accessed free at:
Development of a self-inactivating lentivirus vector
- J Virol
, 1998
"... We have constructed a new series of lentivirus vectors based on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that can transduce nondividing cells. The U3 region of the 5 * long terminal repeat (LTR) in vector constructs was replaced with the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, resulting in Tat-independen ..."
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Cited by 140 (9 self)
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We have constructed a new series of lentivirus vectors based on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that can transduce nondividing cells. The U3 region of the 5 * long terminal repeat (LTR) in vector constructs was replaced with the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, resulting in Tat-independent transcription but still maintaining high levels of expression. A self-inactivating (SIN) vector was constructed by deleting 133 bp in the U3 region of the 3 * LTR, including the TATA box and binding sites for transcription factors Sp1 and NF-kB. The deletion is transferred to the 5 * LTR after reverse transcription and integration in infected cells, resulting in the transcriptional inactivation of the LTR in the proviruses. SIN viruses can be generated with no significant decreases in titer. Injection of viruses into the rat brain showed that a SIN vector containing the green fluorescent protein gene under the control of the internal CMV promoter transduced neurons as efficiently as a wild-type vector. Interestingly, a wild-type vector without an internal promoter also successfully transduced neurons in the brain, indicating that the HIV-1 LTR promoter is transcriptionally active in neurons even in the absence of Tat. Furthermore, injection of viruses into the subretinal space of the rat eye showed that wild-type vector transduced predominantly retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells, while SIN vector was able to transduce other types of retinal cells, including bipolar, Müller, horizontal, and amacrine cells. This finding suggests that the HIV-1 LTR can negatively influence the internal CMV promoter in some
HIV-1 genome nuclear import is mediated by a central DNA flap. Cell 101:173–185
, 2000
"... differentiated primary macrophages (Gartner et al., 1986). HIV DNA integrates in the chromatin of nonmitotic target cells (Weinberg et al., 1991), implying that HIV-1 PICs are able to cross the nuclear membrane of host cells (Bukrinsky et al., 1992). Thus, mitosis-independent nuclear import is a piv ..."
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Cited by 112 (3 self)
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differentiated primary macrophages (Gartner et al., 1986). HIV DNA integrates in the chromatin of nonmitotic target cells (Weinberg et al., 1991), implying that HIV-1 PICs are able to cross the nuclear membrane of host cells (Bukrinsky et al., 1992). Thus, mitosis-independent nuclear import is a pivotal event responsible for the ability of HIV and other lentiviruses to replicate in nondi-
Characterization of intracellular reverse transcription complexes of Moloney murine leukemia virus
- J. Virol
, 1999
"... This article cites 32 articles, 16 of which can be accessed free ..."
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Cited by 102 (8 self)
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This article cites 32 articles, 16 of which can be accessed free
Efficient long-term gene transfer into muscle tissue of immunocompetent mice by adeno-associated virus vector
- J
, 1996
"... adeno-associated virus vector. tissue of immunocompetent mice by Efficient long-term gene transfer into muscle ..."
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Cited by 101 (12 self)
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adeno-associated virus vector. tissue of immunocompetent mice by Efficient long-term gene transfer into muscle
Conditional suppression of cellular genes: lentivirus vector-mediated drug-inducible RNA interference
- J. Virol
, 2003
"... This article cites 20 articles, 12 of which can be accessed free at: ..."
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Cited by 92 (5 self)
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This article cites 20 articles, 12 of which can be accessed free at:
The hepatitis B virus posttranscriptional regulatory element is composed of two subelements
- J
, 1996
"... The expression of genes delivered by retroviral vectors is often inefficient, a potential obstacle for their widespread use in human gene therapy. Here, we explored the possibility that the posttranscriptional regulatory element of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WPRE) might help resolve this problem. In ..."
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Cited by 86 (9 self)
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The expression of genes delivered by retroviral vectors is often inefficient, a potential obstacle for their widespread use in human gene therapy. Here, we explored the possibility that the posttranscriptional regulatory element of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WPRE) might help resolve this problem. Insertion of the WPRE in the 3 � untranslated region of coding sequences carried by either oncoretroviral or lentiviral vectors substantially increased their levels of expression in a transgene-, promoter- and vector-independent manner. The WPRE thus increased either luciferase or green fluorescent protein production five- to eightfold, and effects of a comparable magnitude were observed with either the immediate-early cytomegalovirus or the herpesvirus thymidine kinase promoter and with both human immunodeficiency virus- and murine leukemia virus-based vectors. The WPRE exerted this influence only when placed in the sense orientation, consistent with its predicted posttranscriptional mechanism of action. These results demonstrate that the WPRE significantly improves the performance of retroviral vectors and emphasize that posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression should be taken into account in the design of gene delivery systems. Retroviral vectors offer several characteristics of great value for a gene delivery system, including a large packaging capacity, an efficient integration machinery, and the absence of a
Species-specific, postentry barriers to primate immunodeficiency virus infection
- J
, 1999
"... These include: This article cites 57 articles, 29 of which can be accessed free at: ..."
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Cited by 52 (10 self)
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These include: This article cites 57 articles, 29 of which can be accessed free at:
Human immunodeficiency virus cDNA metabolism: notable stability of two-long terminal repeat circles
- J
, 2002
"... Early steps of retroviral replication involve reverse transcription of the viral RNA to yield a linear double-stranded cDNA copy and then integration of the viral cDNA into a chromosome of the host cell. A portion of the viral cDNA can also follow nonproductive pathways in which it becomes circulari ..."
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Cited by 45 (2 self)
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Early steps of retroviral replication involve reverse transcription of the viral RNA to yield a linear double-stranded cDNA copy and then integration of the viral cDNA into a chromosome of the host cell. A portion of the viral cDNA can also follow nonproductive pathways in which it becomes circularized. In one pathway, the ends of the linear cDNA become joined together by the cellular nonhomologous DNA end-joining system to form two-long terminal repeat (2-LTR) circles. It has been argued that 2-LTR circles are quickly degraded in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected cells, allowing the presence of 2-LTR circles to be used as a marker for ongoing de novo infection in patients. Following this idea, detection of 2-LTR circles in patients undergoing successful highly active antiretroviral therapy has led to the proposal that viral replication persists despite treatment. We have used fluorescence-monitored PCR (Taqman) to quantitate the metabolism of HIV cDNA early after infection. Contrary to previous work, we find that 2-LTR circles are actually quite stable in experiments where confounding variables are controlled. Thus, studies relying on the lability of 2-LTR circles are open to reinterpretation. We also used the quantitative PCR methods to analyze the effects of MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, which revealed that viral complexes containing mostly completed cDNAs are the primary substrates for proteasome-mediated degradation. Following introduction of the viral core into the cell cyto-
