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Information Science
, 2010
"... The purpose of this entry is to provide an overview of information science as a field or discipline, including a historical perspective to illustrate the events and forces that shaped it. Information science is a field of professional practice and scientific inquiry dealing with effective communicat ..."
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The purpose of this entry is to provide an overview of information science as a field or discipline, including a historical perspective to illustrate the events and forces that shaped it. Information science is a field of professional practice and scientific inquiry dealing with effective communication of information and information objects, particularly knowledge records, among humans in the context of social, organizational, and individual need for and use of information. Information science emerged in the aftermath of the Second World War, as did a number of other fields, addressing the problem of information explosion and using technology as a solution. Presently, information science deals with the same problems in the Web and digital environments. This entry covers problems addressed by information science, the intellectual structure of the field, and the description of main areas—information retrieval, human information behavior, metric studies, and digital libraries. This entry also includes an account of education related to information science and conclusions about major characteristics.
Citation analysis in Twitter. In: Approaches for Defining and Measuring Information Flows within Tweets during Scientific Conferences
- CEUR-WS.org, Tilburg University
, 2011
"... Abstract. This paper investigates Twitter usage in scientific contexts, particu-larly the use of Twitter during scientific conferences. It proposes a methodology for capturing and analyzing citations/references in Twitter. First results are presented based on the analysis of tweets gathered for two ..."
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Abstract. This paper investigates Twitter usage in scientific contexts, particu-larly the use of Twitter during scientific conferences. It proposes a methodology for capturing and analyzing citations/references in Twitter. First results are presented based on the analysis of tweets gathered for two conference hashtags.
Studying scientific discourse on the Web using bibliometrics: A chemistry blogging case study. Presented at the WebSci10: Extending the Frontiers of Society On-Line. Raleigh, NC. Retrieved from http://wiki.few.vu.nl/sms/images/9/9c/Websci10-FINAL-29-4-201
- First Monday
, 2010
"... Scientific discourse occurs both in the academic literature and, increasingly, on the Web. What is discussed in the literature influences what is discussed on the web, and the reverse. However, the study of this discourse has largely been isolated based on medium either using bibliometrics for acade ..."
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Cited by 17 (2 self)
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Scientific discourse occurs both in the academic literature and, increasingly, on the Web. What is discussed in the literature influences what is discussed on the web, and the reverse. However, the study of this discourse has largely been isolated based on medium either using bibliometrics for academic literature or webometrics for Web-based communication. In this work, the science blog aggregator Researchblogging.org is used to enable the study of scientific discourse on the Web using
Scholarly communication and epistemic cultures
- Journal New Review of Academic Librarianship
, 2003
"... The ways in which scientists communicate have long attracted scholars ’ attention (e.g., Meadows, 1998). Structural-functionalist accounts of how science works as a social system (Merton, 1976) coexist (and sometimes compete) with thickly descriptive laboratory accounts of science-in-action (e.g., L ..."
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The ways in which scientists communicate have long attracted scholars ’ attention (e.g., Meadows, 1998). Structural-functionalist accounts of how science works as a social system (Merton, 1976) coexist (and sometimes compete) with thickly descriptive laboratory accounts of science-in-action (e.g., Latour & Woolgar, 1979), discipline-specific mappings of communicative processes (e.g., Garvey & Griffith, 1971) and painstaking socio-historical accounts of scientific practice (e.g., Shapin, 1994). Science, sometimes seen as “the premier knowledge institution throughout the world ” (Knorr Cetina, 1999, p. 1), has been studied intensively, and scientists themselves are a much-observed species, both from afar and also up close in their natural habitats. Knowing how scientists work, how they interact with their peers and publics, is not just intrinsically interesting to ethnographers, sociologists of science, and sundry others, but has a bearing on the development of effective academic information resources and information support systems. Why that is the case will shortly become clear. A great deal of scientific communication, indeed, scholarly communication in general, is informal in nature. Information diffusion depends on the conductivity of socio-cognitive networks, sometimes referred to as “invisible colleges ” (Crane, 1972). Nevertheless, the ultimate goal of science, to appropriate the language of Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar (1979), is to produce inscriptions—to publish. Scientists,
Harnessing User Library Statistics for Research Evaluation and Knowledge Domain Visualization
"... Social reference management systems provide a wealth of information that can be used for the analysis of science. In this paper, we examine whether user library statistics can produce meaningful results with regards to science evaluation and knowledge domain visualization. We are conducting two empi ..."
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Social reference management systems provide a wealth of information that can be used for the analysis of science. In this paper, we examine whether user library statistics can produce meaningful results with regards to science evaluation and knowledge domain visualization. We are conducting two empirical studies, using a sample of library data from Mendeley, the world’s largest social reference management system. Based on the occurrence of references in users ’ libraries, we perform a large-scale impact factor analysis and an exploratory co-readership analysis. Our preliminary findings indicate that the analysis of user library statistics can produce accurate, timely, and content-rich results. We find that there is a significant relationship between the impact factor and the occurrence of references in libraries. Using a knowledge domain visualization based on co-occurrence measures, we are able to identify two areas of topics within the emerging field of technology-enhanced learning.
Local government web sites in Finland: A geographic and webometric analysis
- Scientometrics
, 2009
"... It has been shown that information collected from and about links between web pages and web sites can reflect real world phenomena and relationships between the organizations they represent. Yet, government linking has not been extensively studied from a webometric point of view. The aim of this stu ..."
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Cited by 5 (2 self)
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It has been shown that information collected from and about links between web pages and web sites can reflect real world phenomena and relationships between the organizations they represent. Yet, government linking has not been extensively studied from a webometric point of view. The aim of this study was to increase the knowledge of governmental interlinking and to shed some light on the possible real world phenomena it may indicate. We show that interlinking between local government bodies in Finland follows a strong geographic, or rather a geopolitical pattern and that governmental interlinking is mostly motivated by official cooperation that geographic adjacency has made possible.
Twitter for Scientific Communication: How Can Citations/References be Identified and Measured
- In Proceedings of the Poster Session at the Web Science Conference 2011 (WebSci11
, 2011
"... ABSTRACT This paper discusses "citations" and "references" within the microblogging service Twitter with the aim to provide measures for scientific communication on this platform. It provides definitions for different types of citations on Twitter and discusses general difficult ..."
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ABSTRACT This paper discusses "citations" and "references" within the microblogging service Twitter with the aim to provide measures for scientific communication on this platform. It provides definitions for different types of citations on Twitter and discusses general difficulties in accessing scientific tweets. Furthermore, two different datasets that represent scientific usage of Twitter have been analyzed with respect to citation counts. General Terms M easurement, Human Factors
Social Applications: Revenue Models, Delivery Channels, and Critical Success
"... This paper is available online at www.jtaer.com DOI: 10.4067/S0718-18762011000200010 ..."
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This paper is available online at www.jtaer.com DOI: 10.4067/S0718-18762011000200010
Web links as an indicator of research output: a comparison of NZ Tertiary Institution links with the Performance Based Research Funding assessment.
"... Data from a crawl of New Zealand Universities is used to study links between the institutions, and the extent to which web based measures correlate with a measure of research performance. The research measure used was the Performance Based Research Fund (PBRF) Quality Score, arrived at in the 2003 r ..."
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Cited by 2 (2 self)
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Data from a crawl of New Zealand Universities is used to study links between the institutions, and the extent to which web based measures correlate with a measure of research performance. The research measure used was the Performance Based Research Fund (PBRF) Quality Score, arrived at in the 2003 research assessment exercises by the NZ Government’s Tertiary Education Commission (TEC). There is a moderate correlation between the Quality Score and the FTE-corrected link counts (link counts divided by numbers of full time equivalent academic staff), though it is not clear whether counting on the basis of pages, directories, or domains gives the best measure. Some exceptions to the correlation could be explained in terms of the special characteristics of the institutions. The pattern of linking was not uniform, and could indicate special relationships between institutions. Suggestions for further research are made.
Using Facebook as a Data Source and Platform for e-Researching Social Networks," refereed paper presented at
- University of Manchester
, 2008
"... Abstract. Social networking services (SNS) such as Facebook and Orkut enable new research into the role of individual characteristics in friendship patterns and the diffusion of tastes in social networks. This paper assesses the opportunities and challenges posed by SNSs for empirical research into ..."
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Abstract. Social networking services (SNS) such as Facebook and Orkut enable new research into the role of individual characteristics in friendship patterns and the diffusion of tastes in social networks. This paper assesses the opportunities and challenges posed by SNSs for empirical research into online social networks. It is argued that SNSs may eventually provide platforms for delivering social network analysis e-Research tools, and a prototype tool built using the OpenSocial API is presented. MyExperiment has been described as “Facebook for scientists”; this paper contends that that SNSs such as Facebook may eventually be described as “GridSphere for e-Social Scientists”.
