Results 1 - 10
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288
Statistics and Social Network of YouTube Videos
- in Proc. of IEEE IWQoS
, 2008
"... Abstract—YouTube has become the most successful Internet website providing a new generation of short video sharing service since its establishment in early 2005. YouTube has a great impact on Internet traffic nowadays, yet itself is suffering from a severe problem of scalability. Therefore, understa ..."
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Cited by 128 (11 self)
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Abstract—YouTube has become the most successful Internet website providing a new generation of short video sharing service since its establishment in early 2005. YouTube has a great impact on Internet traffic nowadays, yet itself is suffering from a severe problem of scalability. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of YouTube and similar sites is essential to network traffic engineering and to their sustainable development. To this end, we have crawled the YouTube site for four months, collecting more than 3 million YouTube videos ’ data. In this paper, we present a systematic and in-depth measurement study on the statistics of YouTube videos. We have found that YouTube videos have noticeably different statistics compared to traditional streaming videos, ranging from length and access pattern, to their growth trend and active life span. We investigate the social networking in YouTube videos, as this is a key driving force toward its success. In particular, we find that the links to related videos generated by uploaders ’ choices have clear small-world characteristics. This indicates that the videos have strong correlations with each other, and creates opportunities for developing novel techniques to enhance the service quality. I.
oStream: Asynchronous Streaming Multicast in Application-Layer Overlay Networks
- IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
, 2003
"... Although initially proposed as the deployable alternative to IP multicast, application-layer overlay network actually revolutionizes the way network applications can be built, since each overlay node is an end host, which is able to carry out more functionalities than simply forwarding packets. This ..."
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Cited by 122 (7 self)
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Although initially proposed as the deployable alternative to IP multicast, application-layer overlay network actually revolutionizes the way network applications can be built, since each overlay node is an end host, which is able to carry out more functionalities than simply forwarding packets. This paper addresses the on-demand media distribution problem in the context of overlay network. We take advantage of the strong...
Understanding user behavior in large-scale video-on-demand systems
- In Proc. of ACM EuroSys
, 2006
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Multimedia proxy caching mechanism for quality adaptive streaming applications in the internet
, 2000
"... Abstract — The Internet has witnessed a rapid growth in deployment of Web-based streaming applications during recent years. In these applications, server should be able to perform end-to-end congestion control and quality adaptation to match the delivered stream quality to the average available band ..."
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Cited by 105 (8 self)
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Abstract — The Internet has witnessed a rapid growth in deployment of Web-based streaming applications during recent years. In these applications, server should be able to perform end-to-end congestion control and quality adaptation to match the delivered stream quality to the average available bandwidth. The delivered quality is limited by the bottleneck bandwidth on the path to the client. This paper proposes a proxy caching mechanism for layered-encoded multimedia streams in the Internet to maximize the delivered quality of popular streams to interested clients. The main challenge is to replay a quality-variable cached stream while performing quality adaptation effectively in response to the variations in available bandwidth. We present a pre-fetching mechanism to support higher quality cached streams during subsequent playbacks and improve the quality of the cached stream with its popularity. We exploit inherent properties of multimedia streams to extend the semantics of popularity and capture both level of interest among clients and usefulness of a layer in the cache. We devise a fine-grain replacement algorithm suited for layered-encoded streams. Our simulation results show that the interaction between the replacement algorithm and pre-fetching mechanism causes the state of the cache to converge to an efficient state such that the quality of a cached stream is proportional to its popularity, and the variations in quality of a cached stream are inversely proportional to its popularity. This implies that after serving several requests for a stream, the proxy can effectively hide low bandwidth paths to the original server from interested clients.
Prefetching the Means for Document Transfer: A New Approach for Reducing Web Latency
"... User-perceived latency is recognized as the central performance problem in the Web. We systematically measure factors contributing to this latency, across several locations. Our study reveals that DNS query times, TCP connection establishment, and start-of-session delays at HTTP servers, more so tha ..."
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Cited by 85 (2 self)
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User-perceived latency is recognized as the central performance problem in the Web. We systematically measure factors contributing to this latency, across several locations. Our study reveals that DNS query times, TCP connection establishment, and start-of-session delays at HTTP servers, more so than transmission time, are major causes of long waits. Wait due to these factors also afflicts high-bandwidth users and has detrimental effect on perceived performance.
Understanding the Characteristics of Internet Short Video Sharing: YouTube as a Case Study
- Procs of the 7th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement, San Diego (CA, USA), 15
, 2007
"... Abstract—Established in 2005, YouTube has become the most successful Internet site providing a new generation of short video sharing service. Today, YouTube alone comprises approximately 20 % of all HTTP traffic, or nearly 10 % of all traffic on the Internet. Understanding the features of YouTube an ..."
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Cited by 76 (5 self)
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Abstract—Established in 2005, YouTube has become the most successful Internet site providing a new generation of short video sharing service. Today, YouTube alone comprises approximately 20 % of all HTTP traffic, or nearly 10 % of all traffic on the Internet. Understanding the features of YouTube and similar video sharing sites is thus crucial to their sustainable development and to network traffic engineering. In this paper, using traces crawled in a 3-month period, we present an in-depth and systematic measurement study on the characteristics of YouTube videos. We find that YouTube videos have noticeably different statistics compared to traditional streaming videos, ranging from length and access pattern, to their active lifespan, ratings, and comments. The series of datasets also allows us to identify the growth trend of this fast evolving Internet site in various aspects, which has seldom been explored before. We also look closely at the social networking aspect of YouTube, as this is a key driving force toward its success. In particular, we find that the links to related videos generated by uploaders ’ choices form a small-world network. This suggests that the videos have strong correlations with each other, and creates opportunities for developing novel caching or peer-to-peer distribution schemes to efficiently deliver videos to end users. I.
Optimal Proxy Cache Allocation for Efficient Streaming Media Distribution
- in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM
, 2002
"... Abstract — In this paper, we address the problem of efficiently streaming a set of heterogeneous videos from a remote server through a proxy to multiple asynchronous clients so that they can experience playback with low startup delays. We develop a technique to analytically determine the optimal pro ..."
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Cited by 73 (3 self)
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Abstract — In this paper, we address the problem of efficiently streaming a set of heterogeneous videos from a remote server through a proxy to multiple asynchronous clients so that they can experience playback with low startup delays. We develop a technique to analytically determine the optimal proxy prefix cache allocation to the videos that minimizes the aggregate network bandwidth cost. We integrate proxy caching with traditional serverbased reactive transmission schemes such as batching, patching and stream merging to develop a set of proxy-assisted delivery schemes. We quantitatively explore the impact of the choice of transmission scheme, cache allocation policy, proxy cache size, and availability of unicast versus multicast capability, on the resultant transmission cost. Our evaluations show that even a relatively small prefix cache (10%-20 % of the video repository) is sufficient to realize substantial savings in transmission cost. We find that carefully designed proxy-assisted reactive transmission schemes can produce significant cost savings even in predominantly unicast environments such as the Internet. I.
Optimized Regional Caching for On-Demand Data Delivery
- In Proc. Multimedia Computing and Networking (MMCN ’99
, 1999
"... Systems for on-demand delivery of large, widely-shared data can use several techniques to improve cost/performance, including: multicast data delivery, segmented data delivery, and regional (or proxy) servers that cache some of the data close to the clients. This paper makes three contributions to t ..."
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Cited by 70 (11 self)
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Systems for on-demand delivery of large, widely-shared data can use several techniques to improve cost/performance, including: multicast data delivery, segmented data delivery, and regional (or proxy) servers that cache some of the data close to the clients. This paper makes three contributions to the state-of-the-art design of such systems. First, we show how segmented multicast delivery techniques, in particular the recently proposed high-performance dynamic skyscraper scheme, can be modified to allow each object to be partially or fully cached at regional servers. The new partitioned delivery architecture supports shared delivery between the regional and remote servers and improves performance even if one server delivers the entire object. The second contribution is an analytic model that can be solved to determine the full/partial object caching strategy that minimizes delivery cost in the context of a system that has homogeneous regional servers. Finally, results in the paper illu...
Distributing layered encoded video through caches
, 2002
"... The efficient distribution of stored information has become a major concern in the Internet which has increasingly become a vehicle for the transport of stored video. Because of the highly heterogeneous access to the Internet, researchers and engineers have argued for layered encoded video. In this ..."
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Cited by 67 (4 self)
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The efficient distribution of stored information has become a major concern in the Internet which has increasingly become a vehicle for the transport of stored video. Because of the highly heterogeneous access to the Internet, researchers and engineers have argued for layered encoded video. In this paper, we investigate delivering layered encoded video using caches. Based on the stochastic knapsack theory, we develop a model for the layered video caching problem. We propose heuristics to determine which videos and which layers in the videos should be cached in order to maximize the revenue from the streaming service. We evaluate the performance of our heuristics through extensive numerical experiments. We find that, for typical scenarios, the revenue increases nearly logarithmically with the cache size and linearly with the link bandwidth that connects the cache to the origin servers. We also consider service models with request queuing and negotiations about the delivered stream quality and find that both extensions provide only small revenue increases.
Multicast with Cache (Mcache): An Adaptive Zero-Delay Video-on-Demand Service
- in Proceedings of IEEE Infocom
, 2001
"... This paper presents a closed-loop (demand-driven) approach towards VoD services, called multicast with caching (Mcache). Servers use multicast to reduce bandwidth usage by serving multiple requests using a single data stream. However, this requires clients to delay receiving the movie until the mult ..."
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Cited by 66 (4 self)
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This paper presents a closed-loop (demand-driven) approach towards VoD services, called multicast with caching (Mcache). Servers use multicast to reduce bandwidth usage by serving multiple requests using a single data stream. However, this requires clients to delay receiving the movie until the multicast starts. Using regional cache servers, Mcache removes initial playout delays at clients, because clients can receive the prefix of a requested clip from regional caches while waiting for the multicast to start. In addition, the multicast containing the later portion of the movie can wait until the prefix is played out. While this use of caches has been proposed before, the novelty of our scheme lies in that the requests coming after the multicast starts can still be batched together to be served by multicast patches without any playout delays. The use of patches has been proposed to be used either with unicast or with playout delays. Mcache effectively hires the idea of a multicast patch with caches to provide a truly adaptive VoD service whose bandwidth usage is up to par with the best known openloop schemes under high request rates while using only minimal bandwidth under low request rates. In addition, efficient use of multicast and caches removes the need for a priori knowledge of client request rates and client disk storage requirements which some of the existing schemes assume. This makes Mcache ideal for the current heterogeneous Internet environments where those parameters are hard to predict.
