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Using the mean reliability as a design and stopping criterion for turbo codes (2001)

by I Land, P A Hoeher
Venue:in Proc. of IEEE ITW
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Low Complexity Stopping Criteria for UMTS Turbo-Decoders

by Frank Gilbert, Frank Kienle, Norbert Wehn - in Proc. VTC 2003-Spring Vehicular Technology Conference The 57th IEEE Semiannual, Jeju, Korea , 2003
"... Abstract — Turbo-Codes are part of the third generation wireless communications system (UMTS). A Turbo-Decoder consists of two soft-in soft-out component decoders, which exchange information (soft-values) in an iterative process. The number of iterations for decoding strongly depends on the channel ..."
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Abstract — Turbo-Codes are part of the third generation wireless communications system (UMTS). A Turbo-Decoder consists of two soft-in soft-out component decoders, which exchange information (soft-values) in an iterative process. The number of iterations for decoding strongly depends on the channel characteristic which can change from block to block due to fading. In this paper, we present two new stopping criteria which can be implemented on dedicated hardware or DSP with negligible overhead. The new criteria operate on the sum of the absolute soft output values, calculated after each component decoder and is referred to as sum reliability. We compare the communications performance and average number of iterations of our proposed criteria to other criteria in literature using a fixed-point 8-state Turbo-Decoder implementation in an UMTS FDD-Downlink chain. An analysis of the arithmetic complexity and memory demand yields minimal overhead with excellent performance compared to other stopping criteria. I.
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...er iterations cannot correct the remaining errors, µi saturates. Therefore we can use the µi as an progress indicator of the decoding process. This criterion was independently proposed in [13], [14], =-=[15]-=- and in [15] named as mean-reliability. IV. ITERATION CONTROL CRITERIA In this section we define our proposed stopping rules for iteration control: Sum-Reliability and Combined Minimum LLR and SumReli...

Approximate MIMO iterative processing with adjustable complexity requirements

by Konstantinos Nikitopoulos, Gerd Ascheid - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY , 2012
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...been proposed for this purpose. The first class is based on cross-entropy metrics [11]–[13] and it is typically employed to identify if a frame still converges over iterations. The second class [11], =-=[14]-=-–[16] employs, directly, the calculated a-posteriori LLR values to evaluate the already achieved error rate performance, and then terminate iterations when the TER is achieved. Even if the cross-entro...

Design Rules for Adaptive Turbo Equalization in Fast-Fading

by Matthew J. M. Peacock, Iain B. Collings, Ingmar Land - in Proc. Intern. Conf. Communication Systems & Networks , 2002
"... This paper uses the mutual information (MI) transfer metric to characterize the behavior of an adaptive turbo equalization scheme. We consider recursive systematic convolutional coding at the input to a multipath fastfading channel. The equalizer is a recent adaptive, nearoptimal APP algorithm that ..."
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This paper uses the mutual information (MI) transfer metric to characterize the behavior of an adaptive turbo equalization scheme. We consider recursive systematic convolutional coding at the input to a multipath fastfading channel. The equalizer is a recent adaptive, nearoptimal APP algorithm that incorporates MMSE channel estimation. We develop design rules for this turbo equalizer using EXIT charts. We optimize the use of pilot bits and determine the best ratio of code bits to pilot bits, for fixed data and symbol rates.

Redundancy allocation in turboequalizer design

by M J M Peacock, I B Collings - IEEE Trans. Commun , 2005
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... of turbo coding, extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) functions have been proposed [5] as a new analysis tool. EXIT functions have been used to determine a stopping criterion for iterative decoding =-=[6]-=-, and have also been applied to turbo-equalization schemes over fixed multipath channels [7], [8]. It has been observed that the maximum value of the EXIT function for the equalizer stage in a turbo e...

Fidelity charts and stopping/termination criteria for iterative multiuser detection,” to appear at

by David P. Shepherd, Mark C. Reed - 4th International Symposium on Turbo Codes and Related Topics , 2006
"... An iterative multiuser detection (IMUD) receiver is considered for a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system with turbo codes. Fidelity is considered as a metric for convergence analysis and an approximation of fidelity as a function of variance of the log-likelihood ratios is introduced. Fideli ..."
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An iterative multiuser detection (IMUD) receiver is considered for a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system with turbo codes. Fidelity is considered as a metric for convergence analysis and an approximation of fidelity as a function of variance of the log-likelihood ratios is introduced. Fidelity charts are compared with extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts as tools for convergence analysis and a close approximation of the relationship between fidelity and mutual information is proposed. We then use this function to approximate a closed form expression for the EXIT function of an interference canceller. Further, we propose a new stopping criterion for the turbo decoder and the IMUD receiver which achieves complexity saving of up to 50 % over conventional designs. 1
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...delay. We define a stopping criteria as a detection of convergence and a termination criteria as determining when a target bit-error-rate (BER) has been reached. We extend the work of Land and Hoeher =-=[5]-=- and use mean reliability as a stopping criteria in both the TD and the turbo receiver. Mean reliability is chosen since it is easier to calculate the mean of the LLRs than to estimate fidelity of mut...

Comparison of Convolutional Coupled Codes and Partially Systematic Turbo Codes for Medium Code Lengths

by Ingmar Land
"... Two classes of concatenated codes of rate 1/2 and medium code lengths (600, 2000) are considered: convolutional coupled codes and partially systematic turbo codes. As opposed to the classical turbo code (Berrou, Glavieux), which is a systematic code, coupled codes contain no systematic bits and part ..."
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Two classes of concatenated codes of rate 1/2 and medium code lengths (600, 2000) are considered: convolutional coupled codes and partially systematic turbo codes. As opposed to the classical turbo code (Berrou, Glavieux), which is a systematic code, coupled codes contain no systematic bits and partially systematic turbo codes only some systematic bits. These codes can still be iteratively decoded and they show even better distance properties. This leads to better error rate performances in a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios, especially in the "flattening region". The two code classes and their performances are presented and compared.
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... properties, iterative decoding does not succeed; therefore, this case is not considered.) For iterative decoding, a maximum number of 80 iterations was allowed and the stopping criterion proposed in =-=[7]-=- was applied. Between 6 and 20 iterations were used on average 2 depending on the code length and the value of ae u . In our experience, for smaller values of ae u more iterations are required. Note t...

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