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An Incentive Framework for Cellular Traffic Offloading
- IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING
, 2015
"... Cellular networks (e.g., 3G) are currently facing severe traffic overload problems caused by excessive traffic demands. Offloading part of the cellular traffic through other forms of networks, such as Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) and WiFi hotspots, is a promising solution. However, since these ne ..."
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Cellular networks (e.g., 3G) are currently facing severe traffic overload problems caused by excessive traffic demands. Offloading part of the cellular traffic through other forms of networks, such as Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) and WiFi hotspots, is a promising solution. However, since these networks can only provide intermittent connectivity to mobile users, utilizing them for cellular traffic offloading may result in a non-negligible delay. As the delay increases, the users’ satisfaction decreases. In this paper, we investigate the tradeoff between the amount of traffic being offloaded and the users ’ satisfaction. We provide a novel incentive framework to motivate users to leverage their delay tolerance for cellular traffic offloading. To minimize the incentive cost given an offloading target, users with high delay tolerance and large offloading potential should be prioritized for traffic offloading. To effectively capture the dynamic characteristics of users ’ delay tolerance, our incentive framework is based on reverse auction to let users proactively express their delay tolerance by submitting bids. We further illustrate how to predict the offloading potential of the users by using stochastic analysis for both DTN and WiFi cases. Extensive trace-driven simulations verify the efficiency of our incentive framework for cellular traffic offloading.
eDiscovery: Energy Efficient Device Discovery for Mobile Opportunistic Communications
- In Proceedings of ICNP 2012
, 2012
"... Abstract—In this paper, we propose an energy efficient device discovery protocol, eDiscovery, as the first step to bootstrapping opportunistic communications for smartphones, the most popular mobile devices. We chose Bluetooth over WiFi as the underlying wireless technology of device discovery, base ..."
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Abstract—In this paper, we propose an energy efficient device discovery protocol, eDiscovery, as the first step to bootstrapping opportunistic communications for smartphones, the most popular mobile devices. We chose Bluetooth over WiFi as the underlying wireless technology of device discovery, based on our measurement study of their operational power at different states on smartphones. eDiscovery adaptively changes the duration and interval of Bluetooth inquiry in dynamic environments, by leveraging history information of discovered peers. We implement a prototype of eDiscovery on Nokia N900 smartphones and evaluate its performance in three different environments. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to conduct extensive performance evaluation of Bluetooth device discovery in the wild. Our experimental results demonstrate that compared with a scheme with constant inquiry duration and interval, eDiscovery can save around 44 % energy at the expense of discovering only about 21 % less peers. The results also show that eDiscovery performs better than other existing schemes, by discovering more peers and consuming less energy. We also verify the experimental results through extensive simulation studies in the ns-2 simulator. Index Terms—Device discovery, opportunistic communications, energy efficiency, smartphones, Bluetooth. F 1
WiFi Access Point Deployment for Efficient Mobile Data Offloading
- in Proc. of ACM International Workshop on Practical Issues and Applications in Next Generation Wireless Networks (PINGEN 2012) at Mobicom 2012
"... Recently, there has been a tremendous increase in mobile data usage with the wide-spread proliferation of smartphone like devices. However, this increased demand from users has caused severe traffic overloading in cellular networks. Offloading the traffic through several other devices (femtocells, W ..."
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Recently, there has been a tremendous increase in mobile data usage with the wide-spread proliferation of smartphone like devices. However, this increased demand from users has caused severe traffic overloading in cellular networks. Offloading the traffic through several other devices (femtocells, WiFi access points) have been considered to be immediate remedy for such a problem. Thus, in this paper, we study the deployment of WiFi access points (AP) in a metropolitan area for efficient offloading of mobile data traffic. We analyze a large scale real user mobility traces and propose a deployment algorithm based on the density of user data request frequency. In simulations, we present offloading ratio that our algorithm can accomplish with different number of APs. The results demonstrate that our algorithm can achieve close to optimal offloading ratio that is higher than offloading ratios that existing algorithms can achieve with the same number of APs. I.
A Traffic Burstiness-based Offload Scheme for Energy Efficiency Deliveries in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks", accepted by
- IEEE Global Communications Conference workshop
, 2013
"... Abstract—Latest mobile multimedia applications have important impact on smartphone usage in terms of both energy consumption and Quality of Service (QoS) levels. This impact is dependent on the level of burstiness of the multimedia traffic. This paper proposes eMTCP-BT, a novel energy-efficiency-ori ..."
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Abstract—Latest mobile multimedia applications have important impact on smartphone usage in terms of both energy consumption and Quality of Service (QoS) levels. This impact is dependent on the level of burstiness of the multimedia traffic. This paper proposes eMTCP-BT, a novel energy-efficiency-oriented offloading scheme for multipath TCP (MPTCP) deliveries which considers traffic burstiness level in its decision making process. Mobile applications traffic is categorized according to its burstiness level, including some most widely-used services such as Voice over IP (VoIP) service, video streaming, large file downloading and web browsing. eMTCP-BT increases the energy efficiency of the multipath TCP content deliveries by performing an innovative distribution of the overall traffic for its delivery via the available wireless network interfaces (and paths) based on the traffic burstiness level. Real traffic trace-based simulation experiments have been conducted involving a mobile device receiving traffic over the Long Term Evolution (LTE) and IEEE 802.11 interfaces. Result analysis demonstrates how eMTCP-BT outperforms both eMTCP and the original MPTCP in terms of energy efficiency by up to 91.68%. Index Terms—traffic pattern; Multipath TCP; traffic offloading; energy efficiency, burst
Energy-Efficient Sleep Scheduling for Delay-Constrained Applications Over WLANs
"... Abstract—In wireless local area networks (WLANs), switching of the nodes to low-power sleep mode to save energy is common. However, if sleep time is not properly scheduled, significant delays can occur, which is undesirable in delay-constrained applications. In this paper, we propose a novel energy- ..."
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Abstract—In wireless local area networks (WLANs), switching of the nodes to low-power sleep mode to save energy is common. However, if sleep time is not properly scheduled, significant delays can occur, which is undesirable in delay-constrained applications. In this paper, we propose a novel energy-efficient sleep-scheduling protocol for maximizing the sleep time lengths of each node while satisfying the delay constraints. We first consider the single-user case and present the basic steps that the node takes to decide when and how long it can sleep. For the multiuser scenario, to mitigate channel contention in packet downloading after sleeping, the sleep schedules requested by the nodes are coordinated by the access point (AP) to avoid overlapping active epochs. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed sleep-scheduling algorithm achieves lower loss rate while achieving higher energy efficiency than that of the existing GreenCall method. Index Terms—Delay-constrained applications, energy effi-ciency, sleep scheduling, wireless local area networks (WLANs). I.
MOCA: A Lightweight Mobile Cloud Offloading Architecture
"... We present our work on MOCA, a lightweight Mobile Cloud Offloading Architecture, which uses an in-network cloud platform to provide offloading resources. MOCA integrates with existing mobile network architectures without requiring significant changes, and utilizes software defined networking techniq ..."
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We present our work on MOCA, a lightweight Mobile Cloud Offloading Architecture, which uses an in-network cloud platform to provide offloading resources. MOCA integrates with existing mobile network architectures without requiring significant changes, and utilizes software defined networking techniques in the data plane to redirect appropriate traffic to and from the cloud platform. We show the feasibility of MOCA by a prototype implementation using a LTE/EPC mobile testbed. 1.
Computational Offloading or Data Binding? Bridging the Cloud Infrastructure to the Proximity of the Mobile User
"... Abstract—Mobile and cloud computing are converging as the prominent technologies that are leading the change to the post personal computing (PC) era. Computational offloading and data binding are the core techniques that foster to elastically augment the capabilities of low-power devices, such as sm ..."
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Abstract—Mobile and cloud computing are converging as the prominent technologies that are leading the change to the post personal computing (PC) era. Computational offloading and data binding are the core techniques that foster to elastically augment the capabilities of low-power devices, such as smartphones. Mobile applications may be bonded to cloud resources by following a task delegation or code offloading criteria. In a delegation model, a handset can utilize the cloud in a service-oriented manner to delegate asynchronously a resource-intensive mobile task by direct invocation of the service. In contrast, in an offloading model, a mobile application is partitioned and analyzed so that the most computational expensive operations at code level can be identified and offloaded to a remote cloud-based surrogate. We compared in this paper, the mobile cloud computing models for offloading and delegation. We utilized our own frameworks for computational offloading and data binding in the analysis. While in principle, offloading and delegation are viable methods to augment the capabilities of the mobile devices with cloud power, they enrich the mobile applications from different perspectives at diverse computational scales.
Congestion Games in Caching Enabled Heterogeneous Cellular Networks
"... Abstract-In this work, a heterogeneous cellular network with caching enabled at the small cell aggregators is analyzed. The caching technology is enabled to help offload some of the popular traffic requests onto the cache. In this framework, a network congestion game is formulated to study the evol ..."
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Abstract-In this work, a heterogeneous cellular network with caching enabled at the small cell aggregators is analyzed. The caching technology is enabled to help offload some of the popular traffic requests onto the cache. In this framework, a network congestion game is formulated to study the evolution of traffic when every user as an independent decision maker decides its choice of communication, i.e, via the macro cell or the caching enabled small cells. To study the effect of the cache on the network delay, a numerical simulation is implemented. The file popularity is modeled using the well known Zipfdistribution and the network delay is studied as a function of the cache buffer size and network traffic. In summary, these results can be utilized by network operators to deploy infrastructure efficiently.
Enabling Energy-Aware Collaborative Mobile Data Offloading for Smartphones
"... Abstract—Searching for mobile data offloading solutions has been topical in recent years. In this paper, we present a collaborative WiFi-based mobile data offloading architecture-Metropolitan Advanced Delivery Network (MADNet), targeting at improving the energy efficiency for smartphones. According ..."
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Abstract—Searching for mobile data offloading solutions has been topical in recent years. In this paper, we present a collaborative WiFi-based mobile data offloading architecture-Metropolitan Advanced Delivery Network (MADNet), targeting at improving the energy efficiency for smartphones. According to our measurements, WiFi-based mobile data offloading for moving smartphones is challenging due to the limitation of WiFi antennas deployed on existing smartphones and the short contact duration with WiFi APs. Moreover, our study shows that the number of open-accessible WiFi APs is very limited for smartphones in metropolitan areas, which significantly affects the offloading opportunities for previous schemes that use only open APs. To address these problems, MADNet intelligently aggregates the collaborative power of cellular operators, WiFi service providers and end-users. We design an energy-aware algorithm for energyconstrained devices to assist the offloading decision. Our design enables smartphones to select the most energy efficient WiFi AP for offloading. The experimental evaluation of our prototype on smartphone (Nokia N900) demonstrates that we are able to achieve more than 80 % energy saving. Our measurement results also show that MADNet can tolerate minor errors in localization, mobility prediction, and offloading capacity estimation. I.
Watts2Share: Energy-Aware Traffic Consolidation
"... Abstract—Energy consumption is becoming the Achilles ’ heel of the mobile user quality of experience partly due to undisciplined use of the cellular (3G) transmissions by applications. The operator infrastructure is typically configured for peak performance, whereas during periods of underutilisatio ..."
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Abstract—Energy consumption is becoming the Achilles ’ heel of the mobile user quality of experience partly due to undisciplined use of the cellular (3G) transmissions by applications. The operator infrastructure is typically configured for peak performance, whereas during periods of underutilisation the handsets pay the price by staying in high energy states even if each application only uses a fraction of the maximum available bandwidth. In this paper we promote a bi-radio scenario where instead of independently using own cellular connections, several users share a single cellular link offered by one member of a coalition (a rotating aggregator). We present Watts2Share, an architecture for energy-aware traffic consolidation whereby group members’ data flows transmitted through a second radio (e.g., WiFi) are aggregated by the aggregator and retransmitted through the cellular link. Through careful and repeatable studies we demonstrate that this scheme saves up to 68 % of the total transmission energy in handsets compared to a pure 3G scenario. The studies are based on a wide range of real traffic traces and real cellular operator settings, and further illustrate that this scheme reduces the overall energy by reducing the signalling overhead, as well as extending the lifetime of all handsets. Index Terms—traffic consolidation; bandwidth sharing; 3G; WiFi; SoftAP;
