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Listeners recover /t/s that speakers reduce: Evidence from /t/–lenition in Dutch
- Journal of Phonetics
, 2006
"... In everyday speech, words may be reduced. Little is known about the consequences of such reductions for spoken word comprehension. This study investigated /t/-lenition in Dutch in two corpus studies and three perceptual experiments. The production studies revealed that /t/-lenition is most likely to ..."
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In everyday speech, words may be reduced. Little is known about the consequences of such reductions for spoken word comprehension. This study investigated /t/-lenition in Dutch in two corpus studies and three perceptual experiments. The production studies revealed that /t/-lenition is most likely to occur after [s] and before bilabial consonants. The perception experiments showed that listeners take into account both phonological context, phonetic detail, and the lexical status of the form in the interpretation of codas that may or may not contain a lenited word-final /t/. These results speak against models of word recognition that make hard decisions on a prelexical level. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1.
A Computational Model of Language Acquisition: the Emergence of Words
, 2009
"... In this paper, we discuss a computational model that is able to detect and build word-like representations on the basis of sensory input. The model is designed and tested with a further aim to investigate how infants may learn to communicate by means of spoken language. The computational model makes ..."
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In this paper, we discuss a computational model that is able to detect and build word-like representations on the basis of sensory input. The model is designed and tested with a further aim to investigate how infants may learn to communicate by means of spoken language. The computational model makes use of a memory, a perception module, and the concept of ’learning drive’. Learning takes place within a communicative loop between a ’caregiver’ and the ’learner’. Experiments carried out on three European languages with different genetic background (Finnish, Swedish, and Dutch) show that a robust word representation can be learned in using less than 100 acoustic tokens (examples) of that word. The model is inspired by the memory structure that is assumed functional for human cognitive processing.
Processing reduced word-forms in speech perception using probabilistic knowledge about speech production. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35, 244–263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0012730. Mitterer et al
- Journal of Memory and Language
, 2009
"... Two experiments examined how Dutch listeners deal with the effects of connected-speech processes, specifically those arising from word-final /t / reduction (e.g., whether Dutch [tas] is tas, bag, or a reduced-/t / version of tast, touch). Eye movements of Dutch participants were tracked as they look ..."
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Two experiments examined how Dutch listeners deal with the effects of connected-speech processes, specifically those arising from word-final /t / reduction (e.g., whether Dutch [tas] is tas, bag, or a reduced-/t / version of tast, touch). Eye movements of Dutch participants were tracked as they looked at arrays containing 4 printed words, each associated with a geometrical shape. Minimal pairs (e.g., tas/tast) were either both above (boven) or both next to (naast) different shapes. Spoken instructions (e.g., “Klik op het woordje tas boven de ster, ” [Click on the word bag above the star]) thus became unambiguous only on their final words. Prior to disambiguation, listeners ’ fixations were drawn to /t/-final words more when boven than when naast followed the ambiguous sequences. This behavior reflects Dutch speechproduction data: /t / is reduced more before /b / than before /n/. We thus argue that probabilistic knowledge about the effect of following context in speech production is used prelexically in perception to help resolve lexical ambiguities caused by continuous-speech processes.
Inhibition of processing due to reduction of the American English flap
- Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences
, 2007
"... The speech we encounter in daily life casual conversation often contains impoverished or reduced acoustic information, in comparison to careful speech, and yet listeners can understand such speech with ease. This study explores differences in processing between reduced/ conversational speech and unr ..."
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Cited by 9 (2 self)
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The speech we encounter in daily life casual conversation often contains impoverished or reduced acoustic information, in comparison to careful speech, and yet listeners can understand such speech with ease. This study explores differences in processing between reduced/ conversational speech and unreduced/careful speech. In a cross-modal identity priming experiment, listeners heard reduced vs. careful pronunciations of real words and then saw visual stimuli and decided whether the visual stimulus was a real word. This experiment investigates processing differences between reduced and unreduced speech using the American English flapped /d / and word-medial /g/. American English listeners are shown to process unreduced (clear) targets more quickly than reduced targets. 1.
THE COMPREHENSION OF ACOUSTICALLY REDUCED MORPHOLOGICALLY COMPLEX WORDS: THE ROLES OF DELETION, DURATION, AND FRQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE
"... This study addresses the roles of segment deletion, durational reduction, and frequency of use in the comprehension of morphologically complex words. We report two auditory lexical decision experiments with reduced and unreduced prefixed Dutch words. We found that segment deletions as such delayed c ..."
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Cited by 9 (7 self)
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This study addresses the roles of segment deletion, durational reduction, and frequency of use in the comprehension of morphologically complex words. We report two auditory lexical decision experiments with reduced and unreduced prefixed Dutch words. We found that segment deletions as such delayed comprehension. Simultaneously, however, longer durations of the different parts of the words ap-peared to increase lexical competition, either from the word’s stem (Experiment 1) or from the word’s morphological continuation forms (Experiment 2). Increased lexical competition slowed down espe-cially the comprehension of low frequency words, which shows that speakers do not try to meet lis-teners ’ needs when they reduce especially high fre-quency words.
Multiword Expressions in Spoken Language: An Exploratory Study on Pronunciation Variation
, 2005
"... The study presented in this paper was aimed at exploring the possibilities of modelling specific pronunciation characteristics of multiword expressions (MWEs) for both automatic speech recognition (ASR) and automatic phonetic transcription (APT). For this purpose we first drew up an inventory of fre ..."
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Cited by 5 (3 self)
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The study presented in this paper was aimed at exploring the possibilities of modelling specific pronunciation characteristics of multiword expressions (MWEs) for both automatic speech recognition (ASR) and automatic phonetic transcription (APT). For this purpose we first drew up an inventory of frequently found N-grams extracted from orthographic transcriptions of spontaneous speech contained in a large corpus of spoken Dutch. These N-grams were filtered and subsequently assigned to linguistic categories. For a small selection of these N-grams we examined the phonetic transcriptions contained in the corpus. We found that the pronunciation of these N-grams di#ered to a large extent from the canonical form. In order to determine whether this is a general characteristic of spontaneous speech or rather the e#ect of the specific status of these N-grams, we analysed the pronunciations of the individual words composing the N-grams in two context conditions: 1) in the N-gram context and 2) in any other context. We found that words in N-grams do indeed have peculiar pronunciation patterns. This seems to suggest that the Ngrams investigated may be considered as MWEs that should be treated as lexical entries in the pronunciation lexicons used in ASR and APT, with their own specific pronunciation variants.
Semantic context effects in the comprehension of reduced pronunciation variants
- Mem. & Cog
, 2011
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The strength and time course of lexical activation of pronunciation variants
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
, 2009
"... Spoken words undergo frequent and often predictable variation in pronunciation. One form of variation is medial /t / deletion, in which words like center and cantaloupe are pronounced without acoustic cues indicative of syllable-initial /t/. Three experiments examined the consequences of this missin ..."
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Spoken words undergo frequent and often predictable variation in pronunciation. One form of variation is medial /t / deletion, in which words like center and cantaloupe are pronounced without acoustic cues indicative of syllable-initial /t/. Three experiments examined the consequences of this missing phonetic information on lexical activation. In Experiment 1, the Ganong Paradigm (W. F. Ganong, 1980) was used to measure the strength of activation of /t/-deleted variants, comparing labeling and response time results with their citation counterparts. Phonemic restoration was used in Experiment 2 to generalize the results. In Experiment 3, Experiment 1 was replicated with a large number of trials so that the time course of activation could be mapped. Results show that lexical influences on labeling begin sooner and reach a higher level for the citation than for the /t/-deleted variant, although the overall shapes of their activation profiles are similar.
Preparing a Corpus of Dutch Spontaneous Dialogues for Automatic Phonetic Analysis
- Proc. Interspeech-2008
, 2008
"... This paper presents the steps needed to make a corpus of Dutch spontaneous dialogues accessible for automatic phonetic research aimed at increasing our understanding of reduction phenomena and the role of fine phonetic detail. Since the corpus was not created with automatic processing in mind, it ne ..."
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Cited by 2 (2 self)
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This paper presents the steps needed to make a corpus of Dutch spontaneous dialogues accessible for automatic phonetic research aimed at increasing our understanding of reduction phenomena and the role of fine phonetic detail. Since the corpus was not created with automatic processing in mind, it needed to be reshaped. The first part of this paper describes the actions needed for this reshaping in some detail. The second part reports the results of a preliminary analysis of the reduction phenomena in the corpus. For this purpose a phonemic transcription of the corpus was created by means of a forced alignment, first with a lexicon of canonical pronunciations and then with multiple pronunciation variants per word. In this study pronunciation variants were generated by applying a large set of phonetic processes that have been implicated in reduction to the canonical pronunciations of the words. This relatively straightforward procedure allows us to produce plausible pronunciation variants and to verify and extend the results of previous reduction studies reported in the literature. Index Terms: corpus creation, conversational speech, spontaneous dialogues, reductions, pronunciation variants, automatic
Journal of Memory and
, 2006
"... This article was originally published in a journal published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author’s benefit and for the benefit of the author’s institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your in ..."
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This article was originally published in a journal published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author’s benefit and for the benefit of the author’s institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues that you know, and providing a copy to your institution’s administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution’s website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier’s permissions site at:
