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...tion. Moreover, Cloud applications require movement of large data sets between the infrastructure and consumers, thus it is essential to consider both compute and network aspects of energy efficiency =-=[67]-=-. Energy usage in large-scale computing systems like Clouds also yields many other concerns including carbon emissions and system reliability. Reduction in energy consumption by more effectively deali...

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...nergy consumption. Therefore, energysconsumption, as well as its impact on cloud system performance,soperational cost and the environment, have become critical issuessin green cloud computing systems =-=[4]-=-.sMany efforts have been made to improve the energy efficiency ofscloud systems. Some simple techniques provide basic energysmanagement for servers in cloud systems, for example, turning onsand off se...

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...conomy of scale. We can leverage the ad hoc and elastic nature of clouds to benefit the smart grid at the economy of scale expected of cloud computing while efficiently utilizing power as we scale up =-=[23]-=-. Researchers in cloud computing at Berkeley envision that large-scale applications will increasingly adopt this model of computing [8]. Our work of running smart grid computations in the cloud is one...

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...f a data centre’s monthly budget [3]. Therefore,senergy consumption, as well as its impact on systemsperformance, operating cost and the environment, havesbecome critical issues in Cloud environments =-=[4]-=-.sMany efforts have been made to improve energysefficiency in Cloud environments. Some simple techniquessprovide basic energy management for servers in Cloudsenvironments, i.e. turning on and off serv...

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... provider's edge routers. The core network is further comprised of many large routers. Each of these devices consumes power according to the traffic volume. According to the study conducted by Tucker =-=[15]-=-, public Cloud is estimated to consume about 2.7 J/b in transmission and switching in comparison to 0.46J/b for a private Cloud. They found out that power consumption in transport represents a signifi...

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...heme to show an optimum number of servers to achieve small task processing times and to minimize energy consumption. Keywords-Cloud computing; Energy; Green Cloud; Task Scheduling; I. INTRODUCTION Cloud computing has risen as a new computing paradigm that brings great flexibility and access to shared and scalable computing [1]–[4]. Cloud services are usually implemented in one or more datacenters where a large number of servers, storage units, and telecommunications infrastructure are provisioned. Energy expenditure of such datacenters contributes to a major portion of the operating cost [5], [6]. A lot of research has been done to study energy-aware cloud management and resource allocation schemes to reduce the energy consumption of datacenters [7]–[17]. One approach to reduce energy consumption is to reduce the number of startup servers. Incorporation of network traffic management and server workload consolidation has been investigated [10]. Schemes targeting an indirect detection of power dissipation, such as temperature distribution in the datacenter have been explored [11]. These schemes work as closed-loop systems where the sensed temperature is used to determine cool zones and ...

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...he Internet, make requests hard to be satisfied, especially in a realtime manner. The dramatically increased service requests and their complexity demand high computation time and energy consumption. Besides achieving the desired Quality of Services, today’s service providers also need to take care of their processing efficiency and energy consumption issue. The drastically increased service requests these years directly results in the electricity power consumption skyrocketing. The energy consumption has become a severe issue across the entire information and communications technology sector [1]. The electricity consumption consumed by data centers was accounted for approximately 1.2% of total consumed by United States in 2005 [2], [3], [4]. 0.4% of total electricity consumption in broadband-enabled countries was consumed by transmission and switching networks [1], [5]. The increased demand on data center does increase the service providers’ revenue, but on the other hand, service providers must also make sure to have their energy consumption expense in control. In North America market, the electricity prices vary a lot based on the different power generating technology, delivery met...

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... effective resource usage, as the one presented in this paper. Relatively new, but nevertheless a quite prominent topic in cloud computing is energy-efficiency or “green” scheduling [18], [19], [20], =-=[21]-=-, that focuses more on effective power usage and operation in data centers or application adaptation in order to require a minimal amount of resources. Another scheduling approach that focuses more on...

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...portance of capital contributions is especially relevant in the context of a low fossil content and high share of renewable sources in the electricity mix as applicable with the Swedish production mix. The insight related to the importance of data centre capital is also relevant when considering reducing the significant carbon footprint of the PC fleet. In relative terms, data centre capital currently implies a factor 1.2 overhead to the PC capital share in the PC carbon footprint. In a lifecycle perspective solutions that imply a problems shift towards the data centre should be avoided [15], [16] including considerations of capital contributions. When reviewing the servers, it must be noted that different applications have different hardware resource requirements. Never the less, modular configurations as deployed in the virtualized Windows area overall show less material overhead, lower power consumption and relative longer economical lifetime of capital in comparison to their standalone counterparts. The Figure 1: IT platform electricity demand fractions Figure 2:Data centre Carbon Footprint fractions combination of modular hardware, server consolidation and virtualization, reduces ...