Citation Context

...mic treatment of obligations. In this regard, a large piece of recent literature is available. We are particularly indebted to the works by Sergot and colleagues on the use of Event Calculus, such as =-=[4]-=-. Let us see shortly some issues for future research. A first issue concerns how to treat normative violations. In this paper violations are viewed as neutral with regard to obligations. If an obligat...

Citation Context

...s type open agent societies, and use the terms ‘open agent society’ and ‘open, norm-governed computational society’ interchangeably. In constructing executable specifications of open agent societies [=-=Artikis et al. 2002-=-; Artikis et al. 2003; 2006; Artikis 2003], we adopt a bird’s eye view of these systems, as opposed to an agent’s own perspective whereby it reasons about how it should act. Furthermore, we view agent...

Citation Context

...(for example, to change the price or delivery time of purchased goods), it is often the case that power implies a (vested) permission to exercise it. We use the term vested power in these cases. (See =-=[7,8]-=- for examples of practical settings where power is separated from permission to exercise it.) We have based the development of our approach and the ecXML language on the representation of a representa...

Citation Context

...icient knowledge to reason about expectations is certainly an interesting option. Finally, our concept of expectations is indeed related to that of obligations and permissions. To this regard we cite =-=[2]-=-, where Artikis et al. propose a framework for the specification of open societies of agents grounded on event calculus. Such a framework allows to reason upon deontic categories such 20Marco Alberti...

Citation Context

... end of the protocol. There is no particular difficulty in including timeouts and termination conditions in the formalisation but it lengthens the presentation and is omitted here for simplicity. See =-=[2, 3]-=- for example formalisations of deadlines and termination conditions in the context of protocol specifications. Figure 1 displays the possible interactions between the entities of a cFCP, that is, the ...

Citation Context

... has become an important object of research at least since Noriega’s and Sierra’s works on electronic institutions in the late nineteen-nineties [22, 21]. Since then, several authors (see for example =-=[12, 1, 32, 34, 10, 4]-=-) have contributed to the specification of electronic institutions and artificial institutions [15, 35]. An electronic institution is usually viewed as a set of norms, which the agents interacting wit...

Citation Context

...ly have a notion of global utility—indeed they may well be in direct competition with one another. MAS of this type are often classified as ‘open’ [9, 5, 18]. Examples include electronic marketplaces =-=[1]-=-, automated negotiation and dispute resolution services, and generally any application where agents are programmed by different parties with competing interests. Characteristic features of such system...