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..., in some cases, there may not be enough information to include any comparisons at all. Dependencies and Coordination The second key concept we are using is the notion from coordination theory (e.g., =-=Malone and Crowston 1994-=-) that coordination can be defined as managing dependencies among activities. From this perspective, we can characterize different kinds of dependencies and the alternative coordination processes that...

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...d in one group need not be understood completely by any other group. An active area of CSCW research is in finding ways to manage the problems and trade-offs resulting from conflict and coordination (=-=Malone & Crowston, 1994-=-; Schmidt & Simone, 1996). Exceptions are normal in work processes. It has been found that much of office work is handling exceptional situations (Suchman & Wynn, 1984). In addition, roles are often i...

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...conomics to artificial intelligence, and is at the core of a new interdisciplinary research area that investigates technologies and methodologies for the coordinationsof components in complex systems =-=[7, 3]-=-. Notably, the decoupling between components and their coordination fostered by Linda has several points of contact with the distinction between components and their interconnection that constitutes t...

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...the machine-dependent details, coordination encourages the use of heterogeneous ensembles of architectures. The concept of coordination is by no means limited to Computer Science. In a seminal paper (=-=[49]-=-), Malone and Crowston characterise coordination as an emerging research area with an interdisciplinary focus, playing a key issue in many diverse disciplines such as economics and operational researc...

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...ty. The scientific field of coordination theory investigates scenarios and techniques for managing the dependencies between a set of active components, and it is not limited to computer science alone =-=[65]-=-. The coordination paradigm differentiates computation from coordination [82]. It makes the interaction between components explicit in coordination media [29], which offer means to control and adapt a...

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...task-oriented work group’’ that ‘‘typically focus on organizationally assigned tasks.’’ Collaboration occurs within the context of cooperative work and is defined as ‘‘multiple individuals working together in a planned way in the same production process or in different but connected production processes’’ [60]. Because individuals who cooperate or perform tasks together share only partially overlapping goals, individual group members’ activities must be coordinated to ensure that the disparate individuals come to share the same goals. Coordination involves actors working together harmoniously [37,38] to accomplish a collective set of tasks [56]. A group decision results from interpersonal communication among group members [14]. 4.2. Group support systems Group support systems (GSS) or collaboration support systems enhance the communication-related activities of team members engaged in computer-supported cooperative work. The communication and coordination activities of team members are facilitated by technologies that can be characterized along the three continua of time, space, and level of group support [1,14,30]. Teams can communicate synchronously or asynchronously; they may be locate...