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Adolescents’ attachment representations and developmental tasks in emerging adulthood
- Developmental Psychology
"... The association between attachment representations and adolescents ’ coping with 3 developmental tasks of emerging adulthood—leaving home, advancing in the capacity for mature intimacy, and developing individuation—was examined. Israeli male adolescents (N 88) were administered the Adult Attach-men ..."
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The association between attachment representations and adolescents ’ coping with 3 developmental tasks of emerging adulthood—leaving home, advancing in the capacity for mature intimacy, and developing individuation—was examined. Israeli male adolescents (N 88) were administered the Adult Attach-ment Interview during their high-school senior year. A year later, they and their friends reported on the adolescents ’ adjustment to mandatory military service. Three years later, participants and their parents reported on the adolescents ’ capacity for intimacy using an in-depth interview and on their individuation. An autonomous state of mind was associated with better coping with basic training and with a higher capacity for mature intimacy but was not associated with markers of individuation. The results highlight the importance of attachment representations in shaping an individual’s developmental trajectory. The aim of this study was to examine the association between attachment representations and successful coping with develop-mental tasks of emerging adulthood. Three of the most salient developmental tasks of this period were examined: (a) coping effectively with the home-leaving transition, (b) advancing in the development of the capacity for mature intimacy in friendships and in romantic relationships while maintaining close and autonomous relationships with parents, and (c) developing a sense of efficacy and individuation (Arnett, 2000, 2001). Although these develop-mental tasks start evolving before late adolescence (Collins &
When “New” Meets “Old”: Configurations of Adult Attachment Representations and their Implications for Marital Functioning
- Developmental Psychology
, 2004
"... Two studies addressed the implications of concordance versus discrepancy of attachment representations in individuals at 2 stages in their marital relationships. Engaged (n ϭ 157) and dating (n ϭ 101) couples participated in a multimethod 6-year longitudinal study of adult attachment. Individuals c ..."
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Two studies addressed the implications of concordance versus discrepancy of attachment representations in individuals at 2 stages in their marital relationships. Engaged (n ϭ 157) and dating (n ϭ 101) couples participated in a multimethod 6-year longitudinal study of adult attachment. Individuals completed the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), the Current Relationship Interview (CRI), and various questionnaires and were observed in interactions with partners. On the basis of AAI and CRI classifications, participants were placed in one of four groups: Secure AAI /Secure CRI , Secure AAI /Insecure CRI , Insecure AAI /Secure CRI , or Insecure AAI /Insecure CRI . Each of the configurations showed a particular pattern of behavior, feelings about relationships and the self, and likelihood of relationship breakup. The findings of the studies address important points about the protective effects of attachment security and have interesting implications for the extension of attachment theory into adulthood. The value of attachment theory in understanding marriage rests in large part on the theory's emphasis on links between childhood relationships and later marital success, "links . . . that are underemphasized in or absent from exchange or behavioral theories" (Karney & Bradbury, 1995, p. 6). However, attachment theory has been criticized for its failure to describe how personal history and individual differences "affect the development of a marriage once two people with different relationship needs come together" (Karney & Bradbury, 1995, p. 6). The goal of the attachment behavioral system is to promote safety (and felt security) through a secure base relationship with an attachment figure. The theory focuses on how relationships with attachment figures have an impact on development, adaptive functioning, stress management, safety, and well-being. The attachment system provides an organizational framework for requesting help when needed and for recognizing requests for help and providing support In adult relationships, individual differences in the cognitive organization of the attachment system have at least two components. The first organizing element is the generalized representation of attachment that has its origins or foundation in childhood attachment experiences with caregivers and that generalizes to other attachment experiences and relationships Attachment Representations Individual differences in early secure base behavior reflect a child's knowledge and expectations of his or her own behavior and the parent's likely behavior
Adolescents ’ Attachment Representations and Their Capacity for Intimacy in Close Relationships
"... A secure state of mind with regard to attachment, as assessed by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), as well as attachment styles as assessed by questionnaires (the two most prevalent facets of attachment representations assessed in adolescence and adulthood) were examined as potential con-tributo ..."
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A secure state of mind with regard to attachment, as assessed by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), as well as attachment styles as assessed by questionnaires (the two most prevalent facets of attachment representations assessed in adolescence and adulthood) were examined as potential con-tributors to adolescents ’ capacity for intimacy. Eighty male Israeli adoles-cents were administered the two measures and reported on their impulsiveness during their senior year of high school. Four years later, at the end of their mandatory military service, they were interviewed regard-ing their capacity for intimacy, and they filled out questionnaires. State of mind with regard to attachment and attachment styles uniquely predicted capacity for romantic intimacy and affective relationships with friends. Im-pulsiveness interacted with attachment security (benefiting dismissing and avoidant participants, and hampering secure ones) in predicting romantic intimacy. The discussion underscores the distinctiveness and importance of different facets of attachment representations to close relationships with peers. State of mind with regard to attachment, as assessed by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), aswell as attachment styles as assessed by questionnaires
Parent and peer attachment in late childhood and early adolescence
- Journal of Early Adolescence
, 2005
"... This study investigated child and early adolescent relationships with parents and peers within the theoretical framework of attachment. A cross-sectional sample of 279 fourth, sixth, and eighth graders completed two self-report measures assessing attachment to parents and friends. Fourth graders des ..."
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This study investigated child and early adolescent relationships with parents and peers within the theoretical framework of attachment. A cross-sectional sample of 279 fourth, sixth, and eighth graders completed two self-report measures assessing attachment to parents and friends. Fourth graders described more trusting and communicative relationships with parents than sixth or eighth graders. Older early adolescents turned to peers to fulfill attachment functions of proximity seeking and safe haven more often than children, although all participants reported that parents primarily served secure base functions. Females reported more trust, communication, and overall attachment to peers than males. Grade, sex, and views of attachment relationships to parents and peers predicted the introduction of friends into the attachment hierarchy. Participants who viewed relationships with parents as less secure were more likely to select peers to fulfill attachment functions. The important and complementary roles of parents and peers and their implications are discussed.
Adult romantic relationships as contexts of human development: a multimethod comparison of same-sex couples with opposite-sex dating, engaged, and married dyads. Dev Psychol
, 2008
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Working models of attachment and reactions to different forms of caregiving from romantic partners
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
, 2007
"... Inspired by attachment theory, the authors tested a series of theoretically derived predictions about connections between attachment working models (attachment to one’s parents assessed by the Adult Attachment Interview; M. Main & R. Goldwyn, 1994) and the effectiveness of specific types of care ..."
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Inspired by attachment theory, the authors tested a series of theoretically derived predictions about connections between attachment working models (attachment to one’s parents assessed by the Adult Attachment Interview; M. Main & R. Goldwyn, 1994) and the effectiveness of specific types of caregiving spontaneously displayed by dating partners during a stressful conflict-resolution discussion. Each partner first completed the Adult Attachment Interview. One week later, each couple was videotaped while they tried to resolve a current problem in their relationship. Trained observers then rated each interaction for the degree to which (a) emotional, instrumental, and physical caregiving behaviors were displayed; (b) care recipients appeared calmed by their partners ’ caregiving attempts; and (c) each partner appeared distressed during the discussion. Individuals who had more secure representations of their parents were rated as being more calmed if/when their partners provided greater emotional care, especially if they were rated as more distressed. Conversely, individuals who had more insecure (dismissive) representations of their parents reacted more favorably to instrumental caregiving behaviors from their partners, especially if they were more distressed. The broader theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
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, 2008
"... This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Modern and Classical Languages at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Modern and Classical Languages Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia ..."
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This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Modern and Classical Languages at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Modern and Classical Languages Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia
Toward a Better Understanding of Psychological Well-Being in Dementia Caregivers: The Link Between Marital Communication and Depression
"... Dementia research has frequently documented high rates of caregiver depression and distress in spouses providing care for a partner suffering from dementia. However, the role of marital communication in understanding caregiver distress has not been ex-amined sufficiently. Studies with healthy couple ..."
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Dementia research has frequently documented high rates of caregiver depression and distress in spouses providing care for a partner suffering from dementia. However, the role of marital communication in understanding caregiver distress has not been ex-amined sufficiently. Studies with healthy couples demonstrated an association between marital communication and the partners ' psychological well-being, depressiveness, respectively (e.g., Heene, Buysee, & Van Oost, 2005). The current study investigates the relationship between caregiver depression and communication in 37 couples in which the wives care for their partners with dementia. Nonsequential and sequential analyses revealed significant correlations between caregiver depression and marital communication quality. Caregivers whose husbands used more positive communica-tion reported less depression and distress. Additionally, caregiver depression was negatively correlated with rates of positive reciprocal communication indicating dependence between the couples ' interaction patterns. This study is one of the first to illustrate the relevance of spousal communication in understanding caregiver distress and depression.
An Attachment Perspective on Interpersonal and Intergroup Conflict
"... originally formulated to describe and explain infant-parent emotional bonding, has been applied, first, to the study of adolescent and adult romantic relationships and, then, to the study of group dynamics and intergroup relationships. In the present chapter we expand the theory as it applies to adu ..."
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originally formulated to describe and explain infant-parent emotional bonding, has been applied, first, to the study of adolescent and adult romantic relationships and, then, to the study of group dynamics and intergroup relationships. In the present chapter we expand the theory as it applies to adults by discussing attachment-related processes involved in (a) the ways people think, experience, and cope with interpersonal conflicts; (b) maladaptive forms of conflict resolution within romantic and marital relationships; and (c) intergroup hostility and aggression. We will begin by presenting an overview of attachment theory and our theoretical model of the activation and psychodynamics of the adult attachment behavioral system (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007a), along with an overview of some of the intrapsychic and interpersonal manifestations of the senses of attachment security and insecurity (attachment anxiety and avoidance). We will then focus on attachment theory’s characterization of individual differences in adaptive and maladaptive forms of experiencing interpersonal conflicts and coping with them. Next, we will review findings concerning the ways in which attachment security and the major forms of insecurity affect various forms of conflict resolution in close relationships. Finally, we will review recent findings concerning ways in which the senses of attachment security and insecurity
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, 2008
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