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Cardiovascular risk assessment using pulse pressure in the first national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES I). Hypertension 2001
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Information about reprints can be found online at: Reprints: document. Permissions and Rights Question and Answer this process is available in the click Request Permissions in the middle column of the Web page under Services. Further information about Office. Once the online version of the published article for which permission is being requested is located, can be obtained via RightsLink, a service of the Copyright Clearance Center, not the EditorialHypertensionin Requests for permissions to reproduce figures, tables, or portions of articles originally publishedPermissions: by guest on March 5,
Myocardial blood flow distribution in concentric left ventricular hypertrophy
, 1978
"... both control conditions and ischemia-induced vasodil-atation was studied in eight chronically instrumented awake dogs. Seven of these animals had coarctation-banding ofthe ascending aorta performed at 6 wk of age, and the other dog had congenital subvalvular aortic stenosis. The mean left ventricula ..."
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both control conditions and ischemia-induced vasodil-atation was studied in eight chronically instrumented awake dogs. Seven of these animals had coarctation-banding ofthe ascending aorta performed at 6 wk of age, and the other dog had congenital subvalvular aortic stenosis. The mean left ventricular weight for the group was 157±7.6 g, and the left ventricular body weight ratio was 8.76+0.47 g/kg. None ofthe animals exhibited signs of congestive heart failure. During the control state, the mean left ventricular systolic pressure was 249+12 mm Hg and the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 11.5±0.5 mm Hg. The aortic diastolic pressure was 74±6 mm Hg. Mean left circumflex coronary artery blood flow was 71±6 cm3/min. In the animals with coarctation-band-ing, 52±6 % of the flow occurred during systole. In the dog with congenital subvalvular aortic stenosis, 5 % of the coronary flow was systolic. Mean transmural blood flow during resting conditions was 0.97±0.08 cm3/min per g, and the ratio of endocardial to epicar-dial flow (endo/epi) was 0.88±0.07. During reactive hyperemia, the mean transmural blood flow increased to 3.5±0.30 cm3/min per g; however, the endo/epi decreased to 0.52±0.06. These studies document a difference in transmural blood flow distribution between the normal and the hypertrophied left ventricle: during resting conditions, in the normal ventricle, the highest flow occurs in the endocardial layer, whereas in the hypertrophied ven-tricle, the highest flow is in the middle layers with the endocardial flow less than the epicardial flow.
Cardiocyte contractile performance in experimental biventricular volume-overload hypertrophy
- Heart Circ. Physiol. 33): H1615– H1623
, 1993
"... performance in experimental biventricular volume-overload hy- ..."
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performance in experimental biventricular volume-overload hy-
Regional myocardial blood flow during graded treadmill exercise in the dog
- J Clin Invest
, 1975
"... measured in nine dogs at rest and during three levels of treadmill exercise by using left atrial injections of 7-10-,um radioactive microspheres. At rest, heart rate was 76±3 beats/min (mean+SEM), mean left ventricu-lar myocardial flow was 0.94±0.09 ml/min/g and endo-cardial flow (endo) exceeded epi ..."
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measured in nine dogs at rest and during three levels of treadmill exercise by using left atrial injections of 7-10-,um radioactive microspheres. At rest, heart rate was 76±3 beats/min (mean+SEM), mean left ventricu-lar myocardial flow was 0.94±0.09 ml/min/g and endo-cardial flow (endo) exceeded epicardial flow (epi) in all regions (endo/epi = 1.12-1.33). When treadmill ex-ercise was regulated to increase heart rates from 152±3 to 190±3 to 240±6 beats/min, myocardial blood flow (MBF) to all regions of the left ventricle increased linearly with heart rate (HR) from 1.83±f-0.11 to 2.75± 0.22 to 3.90±0.26 ml/min/g (MBF = 0.0175HR- 0.523 ±0.614, r = 0.87). Exercise abolished the gradient of blood flow favoring the left ventricular endocardium at rest, so that the endo/epi flow ratios were not signifi-cantly different from 1.00. Right ventricular flows were consistently less than corresponding left ventricular flows, but showed a similar linear increase with heart rate. Right ventricular endo/epi ratios were not different from 1.00 either at rest or during exercise. Thus, exer-cise resulted in increased myocardial blood flow to all regions of the left and right ventricles with maintenance of subendocardial flow equal to subepicardial flow.
Role of Autoregulation in the Beneficial Action of Propranolol on lschemic Blood Flow Distribution and Stenosis Severity in
, 1982
"... The effect of propranolol (0.1 mg/kg i.V.) on distal coronary pressure (DCP), distal bed (DR) and stenosis resistances (SR) and regional myocardial blood flow [endocardial-epicardial (endo/epi)J was studied in two groups of anesthetized dogs with a severe stenosis of the left circumflex coronary art ..."
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The effect of propranolol (0.1 mg/kg i.V.) on distal coronary pressure (DCP), distal bed (DR) and stenosis resistances (SR) and regional myocardial blood flow [endocardial-epicardial (endo/epi)J was studied in two groups of anesthetized dogs with a severe stenosis of the left circumflex coronary artery. In group 1, the ability of the DR to autoregulate was left intact, whereas in group 2, the DR was maximally dilated by pretreat-ment with the coronary vasodilator, chromonar. Despite similar global hemodynamic effects in both groups after propranolol treatment significant differences were observed in the ischemic area. In group 1, propranolol produced a significant increase in subendo blood flow, endo/epi and DCP in the ischemic region. In addition, DR (1.7 ± 0.4 to 3.3 ± 0.6 U) increased and SR decreased (3.4 ± 0.5 to 1.7 ± 0.3 U) significantly. In group 2, the changes in endo/epi, DCP, DR and SR were prevented by maximal vasodilation. These results suggest that the favorable changes produced by propranolol on ischemic myocardium are the result of a restoration of the ability of the resistance vessels to autoregulate. This allows for a passive decrease in coronary arteriolar dilation which results in an increase in DR and DCP and a decrease in SR. The increase in DCP may also contribute to the increase in ischemic subendo blood flow after propranolol. In addition to producing a decrease in myocardial oxygen demands, many studies indicate that beta receptor antagonists also reduce myocardial ischemia by producing a redistribution of blood flow from subepicardium to subendocardium in is-
Coronary Hemodynamics and Regional Myocardial Metabolism in Experimental Aortic Insufficiency
"... ABSTRA CT Acute aortic valvular insufficiency was induced in open chest dogs by employing a special intra-vascular cannula, or by rupturing an aortic valve leaflet. Phasic and mean coronary flow were assessed in some animals, while in others data were obtained on arterial and coronary sinus blood la ..."
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ABSTRA CT Acute aortic valvular insufficiency was induced in open chest dogs by employing a special intra-vascular cannula, or by rupturing an aortic valve leaflet. Phasic and mean coronary flow were assessed in some animals, while in others data were obtained on arterial and coronary sinus blood lactate, pyruvate, Po2, Pco2, and pH, and on myocardial tissue lactate, pyruvate, and water content in the outer and inner halves of the free wall of the left ventricle. Results showed that in acute aortic insufficiency diastolic coronary flow decreased as a function of aortic diastolic pressure, but systolic coro-nary flow increased in such proportion that mean coro-nary flow did not decrease. With moderate reductions in aortic diastolic pressure due to aortic insufficiency, myocardial blood flow was judged to be nutritionally adequate in both the outer and inner regions of the left ventricle. With more severe reductions in aortic diastolic pressure, the inner region exihibited biochemical signs of anaerobic metabolism. The presence of these metabolic changes could be correlated with either of two previously described pressure indexes. These findings suggest that the reduced coronary perfusion pressure and the intra-myocardial tissue pressure gradient can be compensated for by autoregulation in some cases of aortic insuf-ficiency, but in others such compensation may be incom-plete, in which case oxygen delivery to the subendo-cardium will be inadequate to meet local tissue oxygen needs.
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"... Coronary and myocardial metabolic effects of combined glyceryl trinitrate and propranolol administration Observations in patients with and without coronary disease ..."
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Coronary and myocardial metabolic effects of combined glyceryl trinitrate and propranolol administration Observations in patients with and without coronary disease
Contributions of intramyocardial sinusoids in
"... pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum to a right-sided circular shunt ..."
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pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum to a right-sided circular shunt
MIHAI SILVIU UTESCU THE IMPACT OF ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULAS ON AORTIC STIFFNESS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY
, 2011
"... à la Faculté des études supérieures de l'Université Laval dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en médecine expérimentale pour l'obtention du grade de maître es science (M.Sc.) ..."
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à la Faculté des études supérieures de l'Université Laval dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en médecine expérimentale pour l'obtention du grade de maître es science (M.Sc.)
HÉMODIALYSE
, 2011
"... à la Faculté des études supérieures de l'Université Laval dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en médecine expérimentale pour l'obtention du grade de Maître es Sciences (M.Se.) ..."
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à la Faculté des études supérieures de l'Université Laval dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en médecine expérimentale pour l'obtention du grade de Maître es Sciences (M.Se.)
