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...racter-building and socializing impacts of sport, based upon a correlation between skills and habits required for success in the classroom, sports arena, and daily life (Cf. McHale et al. 2005; Eccles et al. 2003; Danish 2002; Ewing, et al. 2002; Larson 1994; Spreitzer 1994). Recent psychological and social psychological research appears to confirm a relationship between sports participation and both mental health and self-esteem (Miller et al. 2005; Darling et al 2005), and in recent years economists have found that sports participation is associated with higher post-school wages and income (Ewing 2007, 1995; Curtis, McTeen and White 2003; Barron, Ewing, and Waddell 2000; Howell 1984). Even more recently, sociologists have begun to explore the role that sports participation plays in community involvement and the cultivation of social capital more generally (Perks 2007; Harvey, Levesque, and Donnolly 2007; McHale, et al. 2005).1 1 An additional body of work that is relevant here but a bit more mixed in its findings is the literature on relationship between sport participation and delinquency/deviance. The classic, foundational treatment was from Schafer (1969) in the tradition of Coleman’s c...

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...-secondary educational attainment. Conclusions: This paper indicates the impact of high school leadership is, at a minimum, non-trivial. This result implies decisions regarding financial cutbacks for extracurricular activities should not be taken lightly. 1 Introduction Several studies have established a positive correlation between participation in athletic and other extracurricular activities and outcomes such as academic achievement [Lipscomb (2006), Leeds, Miller, and Strull. (2007)] and future wages [Ewing (1995); Barron, Ewing and Waddell (2000); Eide and Ronan (2001); Stevenson (2006); Ewing (2007)]. Universities have recently started placing a greater emphasis on leadership skill both in their selection process and in their curricula; suggesting students not simply join every club, but also demonstrate commitment by undertaking a leadership role [Tomsho (2009), Stone (2010)]. The limited scholarly research on leadership supports this assertion. Kuhn and Weinberger (2005) find leadership skill is associated with higher earnings, while Lozano (2008) provides the first piece of evidence suggesting some of this earnings premium may come through increased educational attainment. The drawbac...

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...lf-selection into high school sports, this literature broadly agrees that participation in such type of sports improves future labour market outcomes (e.g., Barron, Ewing, Waddell, 2000, Ewing, 1998, =-=Ewing 2007-=-, Long and Caudill, 2001, Persico, Postlewaite, and Silverman, 2004, and Stevenson 2006, for the USA, and Cornelissen and Pfeifer, 2007, for Germany). 3 Next, the positive effect of sports activity on...

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...er, 1969).sRecent empirical research dedicated tossports and athletics in public schools has focused primarily on the benefits of participation, suchsas positive academic achievement and weight loss (=-=Ewing, 2007-=-; Linver, Roth, & Brooks-Gunn,s2009; Rees & Sabia, 2010), and social advantages, such as self-esteem and acceptance (Rutten etsal., 2011; Shields, LaVoi, Bredemeier, & Power, 2007).sA developing topic...