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32
Contributions of the amygdala to emotion processing: from animal models to human behavior
- Neuron
, 2005
"... Research on the neural systems underlying emotion in animal models over the past two decades has implicated the amygdala in fear and other emotional processes. This work stimulated interest in pursuing the brain mechanisms of emotion in humans. Here, we review research on the role of the amygdala in ..."
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Research on the neural systems underlying emotion in animal models over the past two decades has implicated the amygdala in fear and other emotional processes. This work stimulated interest in pursuing the brain mechanisms of emotion in humans. Here, we review research on the role of the amygdala in emotional processes in both animal models and humans. The review is not exhaustive, but it highlights five major research topics that illustrate parallel roles for the amygdala in humans and other animals, including implicit emotional learning and memory, emotional modulation of memory, emotional influences on attention and perception, emotion and social behavior, and emotion inhibition and regulation.
Cognitive Enhancement: Methods, Ethics, Regulatory Challenges”, Ethics
, 2009
"... Abstract Cognitive enhancement takes many and diverse forms. Various methods of cognitive enhancement have implications for the near future. At the same time, these technologies raise a range of ethical issues. For example, they interact with notions of authenticity, the good life, and the role of ..."
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Cited by 33 (3 self)
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Abstract Cognitive enhancement takes many and diverse forms. Various methods of cognitive enhancement have implications for the near future. At the same time, these technologies raise a range of ethical issues. For example, they interact with notions of authenticity, the good life, and the role of medicine in our lives. Present and anticipated methods for cognitive enhancement also create challenges for public policy and regulation.
Inhibition of action, thought, and emotion: A selective neurobiological review
- Applied and Preventive Psychology
, 2007
"... The neural bases of inhibitory function are reviewed, covering data from paradigms assessing inhibition of motor responses (antisaccade, go/nogo, stop-signal), cognitive sets (e.g., Wisconsin Card Sort Test), and emotion (fear extinction). The frontal cortex supports performance on these paradigms, ..."
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The neural bases of inhibitory function are reviewed, covering data from paradigms assessing inhibition of motor responses (antisaccade, go/nogo, stop-signal), cognitive sets (e.g., Wisconsin Card Sort Test), and emotion (fear extinction). The frontal cortex supports performance on these paradigms, but the specific neural circuitry varies: response inhibition depends upon fronto-basal ganglia networks, inhibition of cognitive sets is supported by orbitofrontal cortex, and retention of fear extinction reflects ventromedial prefrontal cortex–amygdala interactions. Inhibition is thus neurobiologically heterogeneous, although right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex may support a general inhibitory process. Dysfunctions in these circuits may contribute to psychopathological conditions marked by inhibitory deficits.
Glucocorticoid augmentation of prolonged exposure therapy: Rationale and case report
- Professional Psychology: Research and Practice
, 2010
"... Rationale: Prolonged exposure (PE) therapy has been found to reduce symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, it is difficult for many patients to engage fully in the obligatory retelling of their traumatic experiences. This problem is compounded by the fact that habituation and cog ..."
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Rationale: Prolonged exposure (PE) therapy has been found to reduce symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, it is difficult for many patients to engage fully in the obligatory retelling of their traumatic experiences. This problem is compounded by the fact that habituation and cognitive restructuring the main mechanisms through which PE is hypothesized to work are not instantaneous processes, and often require several weeks before the distress associated with imaginal exposure abates. Case reports: Two cases are described that respectively illustrate the use of hydrocortisone and placebo, in combination with PE, for the treatment of combat-related PTSD. Based on known effects of glucocorticoids on learning and memory performance, we hypothesized that augmentation with hydrocortisone would improve the therapeutic effects of PE by hastening ‘‘new’ ’ learning and facilitating decreases in the emotional impact of fear memories during the course of treatment. The veteran receiving hydrocortisone augmentation of PE displayed an accelerated and ultimately greater decline in PTSD symptoms than the veteran receiving placebo. Conclusions: While no general conclusion can be derived from comparison of two patients, the findings are consistent with the rationale for augmentation. These case reports support the potential for an appropriately designed and powered clinical trial to examine the efficacy of glucocorticoids in augmenting the effects of psychotherapy for PTSD.
Expression of Emotion: When It Causes Trauma and When It Helps
, 2007
"... The idea that clients should be encouraged to express strong emotion regarding the traumas they have suffered is widely assumed. This paper asks whether the empirical literature supports the underlying assumption that emotional expression leads to positive outcomes (better health and dissipation of ..."
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The idea that clients should be encouraged to express strong emotion regarding the traumas they have suffered is widely assumed. This paper asks whether the empirical literature supports the underlying assumption that emotional expression leads to positive outcomes (better health and dissipation of distress). Studies in which individuals who have been given an opportunity to express emotions about past traumas are compared with subjects placed in appropriate control conditions are reviewed. The empirical literature suggests that eliciting emotion is harmful when it is not associated with reappraisal of past trauma, but helpful when the reappraisal occurs. The following guideline emerges: if trauma is to be revisited, it should be accompanied by reappraisal. Since this is sometimes difficult to engineer, alternative approaches for working with victims of trauma, not involving revisiting the trauma, are offered. Additionally, it is
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"... Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are a family of ligand- and agonist efficacy (Hald et al., 2007; Mayer, 2005; Nanao1987). The LBD can be further divided into the D1 and D2 lobes and is reminiscent of a clamshell, with the ligand-binding site sit-uated within the cleft (Armstrong et al., 1998 ..."
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Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are a family of ligand- and agonist efficacy (Hald et al., 2007; Mayer, 2005; Nanao1987). The LBD can be further divided into the D1 and D2 lobes and is reminiscent of a clamshell, with the ligand-binding site sit-uated within the cleft (Armstrong et al., 1998). Agonist binding in-et al., 2008). According to single-molecule fluorescence reso-nance-energy-transfer experiments on the GluA2 LBD in com-plex with several partial agonists, the fraction of time that theduces cleft closure, whose effect is transmitted by LBD-TMD linkers to open the channel pore (Dai and Zhou, 2013; Dong and Zhou, 2011; Kazi et al., 2014). LBD spent in cleft-closed conformations correlated with the extent of channel activation (Ramaswamy et al., 2012). Molecu-lar dynamics simulations also have presented evidence ofgated tetrameric ion channels that convert chemical signals carried by neurotransmitters into excitatory electrical signals (Traynelis et al., 2010). The three major subtypes of this family, i.e., AMPA, NMDA, and kainite receptors, share a common modular architecture, including an amino-terminal domain
SEE PROFILE
, 2014
"... All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. ..."
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All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.
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"... Is it time to revisit the role of psychedelic drugs in enhancing human creativity? ..."
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Is it time to revisit the role of psychedelic drugs in enhancing human creativity?
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"... Is it time to revisit the role of psychedelic drugs in enhancing human creativity? ..."
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Is it time to revisit the role of psychedelic drugs in enhancing human creativity?
