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Adapting Multimedia Internet Content for Universal Access
- IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
, 1999
"... Content delivery over the Internet needs to address both the multimedia nature of the content and the capabilities of the diverse client platforms the content is being delivered to. We present a system that adapts multimedia Web documents to optimally match the capabilities of the client device requ ..."
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Cited by 200 (2 self)
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Content delivery over the Internet needs to address both the multimedia nature of the content and the capabilities of the diverse client platforms the content is being delivered to. We present a system that adapts multimedia Web documents to optimally match the capabilities of the client device requesting it. This system has two key components: (1) A representation scheme called the InfoPyramid that provides a multi-modal, multi-resolution representation hierarchy for multimedia. (2) A customizer that selects the best content representation to meet the client capabilities while delivering the most value. We model the selection process as a resource allocation problem in a generalized rate-distortion framework. In this framework, we address the issue of both multiple media types in a Web document and multiple resource types at the client. We extend this framework to allow prioritization on the content items in a Web document. We illustrate our content adaptation technique with a web ...
Traffic and Quality Characterization of Single-Layer Video Streams Encoded with the H.264/MPEG–4 Advanced Video Coding Standard and Scalable Video Coding Extension
, 2008
"... The recently developed H.264/AVC video codec with Scalable Video Coding (SVC) extension, compresses non-scalable (single-layer) and scalable video significantly more efficiently than MPEG–4 Part 2. Since the traffic characteristics of encoded video have a significant impact on its network transport, ..."
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Cited by 49 (9 self)
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The recently developed H.264/AVC video codec with Scalable Video Coding (SVC) extension, compresses non-scalable (single-layer) and scalable video significantly more efficiently than MPEG–4 Part 2. Since the traffic characteristics of encoded video have a significant impact on its network transport, we examine the bit rate-distortion and bit rate variability-distortion performance of single-layer video traffic of the H.264/AVC codec and SVC extension using long CIF resolution videos. We also compare the traffic characteristics of the hierarchical B frames (SVC) versus classical B frames. In addition, we examine the impact of frame size smoothing on the video traffic to mitigate the effect of bit rate variabilities. We find that compared to MPEG–4 Part 2, the H.264/AVC codec and SVC extension achieve lower average bit rates at the expense of significantly increased traffic variabilities that remain at a high level even with smoothing. Through simulations we investigate the implications of this increase in rate variability on (i) frame losses when transmitting a single video, and (ii) on the number of supported video streams in a bufferless statistical multiplexing scenario with restricted link capacity and information loss. We find increased frame losses, and rate-distortion/rate-variability/encoding complexity tradeoffs. We conclude that solely assessing bit rate-distortion improvements of video encoder technologies is not sufficient to predict the performance in specific networked application scenarios.
Streaming video over variable bitrate wireless channels
- IEEE Trans. Multimedia
, 2004
"... Abstract—We consider streaming of video sequences over both constant and variable bit-rate (VBR) channels. Our goal is to enable decoding of each video unit before exceeding its displaying deadline and, hence, to guarantee successful sequence presentation even if the media rate does not match the ch ..."
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Cited by 33 (3 self)
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Abstract—We consider streaming of video sequences over both constant and variable bit-rate (VBR) channels. Our goal is to enable decoding of each video unit before exceeding its displaying deadline and, hence, to guarantee successful sequence presentation even if the media rate does not match the channel rate. In this work, we will show that the separation between a delay jitter buffer and a decoder buffer is in general suboptimal for VBR video transmitted over VBR channels. We will specify the minimum initial delay and the minimum required buffer for a given video stream and a deterministic VBR channel. In addition, we provide some probabilistic statements in case that we observe a random behavior of the channel bit rate. A specific example tailored to wireless video streaming is discussed in greater details and bounds are derived which allow guaranteeing a certain quality-of-service even for random VBR channels in a wireless environment. Simulation results validate the findings. Index Terms—Receiver buffer, streaming video, variable bit-rate (VBR), wireless video. I.
Maximizing User Utility in Video Streaming Applications”,
- IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology,
, 2003
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TCP-friendly Internet Video Streaming employing Variable . . .
- IEEE Transaction on CSVT
, 2000
"... A feedback-based Internet video transmission scheme based on the ITU-T H.263+ is presented. The proposed system is capable of continually accommodating its stream size and managing the packet loss recovery in response to network condition changes. It consists of multiple components: TCP-friendly end ..."
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Cited by 23 (6 self)
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A feedback-based Internet video transmission scheme based on the ITU-T H.263+ is presented. The proposed system is capable of continually accommodating its stream size and managing the packet loss recovery in response to network condition changes. It consists of multiple components: TCP-friendly end-to-end congestion control and available bandwidth estimation, encoding frame-rate control and delay-based smoothing at the sender, media-aware packetization and packet loss recovery tied with congestion control, and quality recovery tools such as motion-compensated frame interpolation at the receiver. These components are designed to meet the low computational complexity requirement so that the whole system can operate in real-time. Among these, the video-aware congestion control known as receiver-based congestion control mechanism (RCCM), the variable frame-rate H.263+ encoding, and fast motion-compensated frame interpolation (FMCI) components are key features. Through a seamless integration, it is demonstrated that network adaptivity is enhanced enough to mitigate the packet loss and bandwidth fluctuation, resulting in a more smooth video experience at the receiver. Keywords Internet video streaming, TCP-friendliness, end-to-end congestion control, variable frame-rate encoding, and frame interpolation post-processing. 1 Corresponding author (Tel: 213-740-0157, Fax: 213-740-4651, E-mail: jongwon@sipi.usc.edu) * JongWon Kim, Young-Gook Kim, and C.-C. Jay Kuo are with the Integrated Media Systems Center and Department of Electrical Engineering-Systems, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2564, USA. (E-mail: {jongwon,younggoo,cckuo}@sipi.usc.edu) 2 HwangJun Song is currently with the Software Engineering Department of Sejong University, Seoul, KOREA....
Traffic characteristics of H.264/AVC variable bit rate video
- IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE
, 2007
"... The recently developed H.264/AVC video codec compresses video significantly more efficiently than previous codecs and is therefore expected to be used for compressing the majority of the video transported over communication networks. The traffic characteristics of encoded video have a significant im ..."
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Cited by 22 (7 self)
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The recently developed H.264/AVC video codec compresses video significantly more efficiently than previous codecs and is therefore expected to be used for compressing the majority of the video transported over communication networks. The traffic characteristics of encoded video have a significant impact on the network transport of compressed video, making it very important to study the characteristics of H.264/AVC video traffic. In this paper we examine the bit rate distortion performance, bit rate variability, and long range dependence of the H.264/AVC codec for long videos up to High Definition resolution. We also explore the impact of smoothing on the H.264/AVC video traffic. We find that compared to the MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 Part 2 codecs, the H.264/AVC codec achieves the lower average bit rate for a given video quality at the expense of significantly increased traffic variability that remains at a high level even with smoothing.
Perceived quality and bandwidth characterization of layered MPEG-2 video encoding
- in Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Voice, Video and Data Communications
, 1999
"... The current Internet is not well suited for the transmission of high quality video such as MPEG-2 because of severe quality degradation during network congestion episodes. One possible solution is the combination of layered video coding with the Differentiated Services (DiffServ) architecture; diffe ..."
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Cited by 20 (1 self)
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The current Internet is not well suited for the transmission of high quality video such as MPEG-2 because of severe quality degradation during network congestion episodes. One possible solution is the combination of layered video coding with the Differentiated Services (DiffServ) architecture; different video layers are mapped into different priority levels, and packets with different priorities receive a different dropping treatment in the network. It is expected that with layering and priority dropping, graceful degradation of video quality will be experienced during congestion episodes. We consider various layering mechanisms defined in the MPEG-2 standards; namely, temporal scalability, data partitioning (DP) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) scalability. The main issue in this paper is how layers should be created to maximize perceived video quality over a given range of network conditions. Key to our study is the use of real life video sequences and a video quality measure consist...
Video transport evaluation with H.264 video traces
, 2011
"... The performance evaluation of video transport mechanisms becomes increasingly important as encoded video accounts for growing portions of the network traffic. Compared to the widely studied MPEG-4 encoded video, the recently adopted H.264 video coding standards include novel mechanisms, such as hie ..."
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Cited by 18 (4 self)
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The performance evaluation of video transport mechanisms becomes increasingly important as encoded video accounts for growing portions of the network traffic. Compared to the widely studied MPEG-4 encoded video, the recently adopted H.264 video coding standards include novel mechanisms, such as hierarchical B frame prediction structures and highly efficient quality scalable coding, that have important implications for network transport. This tutorial introduces a trace-based evaluation methodology for the network transport of H.264 encoded video. We first give an overview of H.264 video coding, and then present the trace structures for capturing the characteristics of H.264 encoded video. We give an overview of the typical video traffic and quality characteristics of H.264 encoded video. Finally, we explain how to account for the H.264 specific coding mechanisms, such as hierarchical B frames, in networking studies.
Efficient bandwidth resource allocation for low-delay multiuser video streaming
- IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
, 2005
"... Abstract—This paper studies efficient bandwidth resource allocation for streaming multiple MPEG-4 fine granularity scalability (FGS) video programs to multiple users. We begin with a simple single-user scenario and propose a rate-control algorithm that has low delay and achieves an excellent tradeof ..."
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Cited by 15 (4 self)
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Abstract—This paper studies efficient bandwidth resource allocation for streaming multiple MPEG-4 fine granularity scalability (FGS) video programs to multiple users. We begin with a simple single-user scenario and propose a rate-control algorithm that has low delay and achieves an excellent tradeoff between the average visual distortion and the quality fluctuation. The proposed algorithm employs two weight factors for adjusting the tradeoff, and the optimal choice of these factors is derived. We then extend to the multiuser case and propose a dynamic resource allocation algorithm with low delay and low computational complexity. By exploring the variations in the scene complexity of video programs as well as dynamically and jointly distributing the available system resources among users, our proposed algorithm provides low fluctuation of quality for each user, and can support consistent or differentiated quality among all users to meet applications’ needs. Experimental results show that compared to traditional look-ahead sliding-window approaches, our algorithm can achieve comparable visual quality and channel utilization at a much lower cost of delay, computation, and storage. Index Terms—Dynamic resource allocation, fine granularity scalability (FGS) coding, multiuser video communications, rate control, visual quality fluctuation. I.
