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A Privacy in mobile technology for personal healthcare
"... Information technology can improve the quality, efficiency, and cost of healthcare. In this survey, we examine the privacy requirements of mobile computing technologies that have the potential to transform healthcare. Such mHealth technology enables physicians to remotely monitor patients’ health, a ..."
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Information technology can improve the quality, efficiency, and cost of healthcare. In this survey, we examine the privacy requirements of mobile computing technologies that have the potential to transform healthcare. Such mHealth technology enables physicians to remotely monitor patients’ health, and enables individuals to manage their own health more easily. Despite these advantages, privacy is essential for any personal monitoring technology. Through an extensive survey of the literature, we develop a conceptual privacy framework for mHealth, itemize the privacy properties needed in mHealth systems, and discuss the technologies that could support privacy-sensitive mHealth systems. We end with a list of open research questions.
secFleck: A Public Key Technology Platform for Wireless Sensor Networks
- In Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks
, 2009
"... Abstract. We describe the design and implementation of a public-key platform, secFleck, based on a commodity Trusted Platform Module (TPM) chip that extends the capability of a standard node. Unlike previous software public-key implementations this approach provides E-Commerce grade security; is com ..."
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Abstract. We describe the design and implementation of a public-key platform, secFleck, based on a commodity Trusted Platform Module (TPM) chip that extends the capability of a standard node. Unlike previous software public-key implementations this approach provides E-Commerce grade security; is computationally fast, energy efficient; and has low financial cost — all essential attributes for secure large-scale sen-sor networks. We describe the secFleck message security services such as confidentiality, authenticity and integrity, and present performance re-sults including computation time, energy consumption and cost. This is followed by examples, built on secFleck, of symmetric key management, secure RPC and secure software update. 1
On the energy cost of communication and cryptography in wireless sensor networks
- In Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WIMOB 2008
, 2008
"... Abstract—Energy is a central concern in the deployment of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we investigate the energy cost of cryptographic protocols, both from a communication and a computation point of view, based on practical measurements on the MICAz and TelosB sensors. We focus on the co ..."
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Abstract—Energy is a central concern in the deployment of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we investigate the energy cost of cryptographic protocols, both from a communication and a computation point of view, based on practical measurements on the MICAz and TelosB sensors. We focus on the cost of two key agreement protocols: Kerberos and the Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange with authentication provided by the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDH-ECDSA). We find that, in our context, Kerberos is around one order of magnitude less costly than the ECDH-ECDSA key exchange and confirm that it should be preferred in situations where a trusted third party is available. We also observe that the power dedicated to communications can become a central concern when the nodes need to stay in listen mode, e.g. between the protocol rounds, even when reduced using a Low Power Listening (LPL) protocol. Therefore, listening should be considered when assessing the cost of cryptographic protocols on sensor nodes. I.
Secret Keys from Entangled Sensor Motes: Implementation and Analysis
- ACM CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS NETWORK SECURITY (WISEC 2010)
, 2010
"... Key management in wireless sensor networks does not only face typical, but also several new challenges. The scale, resource limitations, and new threats such as node capture and compromise necessitate the use of an on-line key generation, where secret keys are generated by the nodes themselves. Howe ..."
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Key management in wireless sensor networks does not only face typical, but also several new challenges. The scale, resource limitations, and new threats such as node capture and compromise necessitate the use of an on-line key generation, where secret keys are generated by the nodes themselves. However, the cost of such schemes is high since their secrecy is based on computational complexity. Recently, several research contributions justified that the wireless channel itself can be used to generate information-theoretic secure keys between two parties. By exchanging sampling messages during movement, a bit string can be derived that is only known to the involved entities. Yet, movement is not the only possibility to generate randomness. The channel response is also strongly dependent on the frequency of the transmitted signal. In our work, we introduce a protocol for key generation based on the frequency-selectivity of channel fading. The great practical advantage of this approach is that we do not rely on node movement as the source of randomness. Thus, the frequent case of a sensor network with static motes is supported. Furthermore, the error correction property of the proposed protocol mitigates the effects of measurement errors and other temporal effects, giving rise to a key agreement rate of over 97%. We show the applicability of our protocol by implementing it on MICAz motes, and evaluate its robustness and secrecy through experiments and analysis.
Review Security Issues in Healthcare Applications Using Wireless Medical Sensor Networks: A Survey
, 2011
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Rethinking security properties, threat models, and the design space in sensor networks: A case study in SCADA systems
- Ad Hoc Networks
"... Abstract—In recent years we have witnessed the emergence and establishment of research in sensor network security. The majority of the literature has focused on discovering numerous vulnerabilities and attacks against sensor networks, along with suggestions for corresponding countermeasures. However ..."
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Abstract—In recent years we have witnessed the emergence and establishment of research in sensor network security. The majority of the literature has focused on discovering numerous vulnerabilities and attacks against sensor networks, along with suggestions for corresponding countermeasures. However, there has been little guidance for understanding the holistic nature of sensor network security for practical deployments. In this paper, we discuss these concerns and give a research framework composed of the security properties of the sensor network, the threat model, and the security design space. In particular, we try to understand the application-layer goals of a sensor network, and provide a guide to prioritize our defenses against threats to these application-layer goals. I.
Secure multidimensional range queries in sensor networks
- In Proceedings of the ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing, Hong Kong
, 2009
"... Most future large-scale sensor networks are expected to follow a two-tier architecture which consists of resource-rich master nodes at the upper tier and resource-poor sensor nodes at the lower tier. Sensor nodes submit data to nearby master nodes which then an-swer the queries from the network owne ..."
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Most future large-scale sensor networks are expected to follow a two-tier architecture which consists of resource-rich master nodes at the upper tier and resource-poor sensor nodes at the lower tier. Sensor nodes submit data to nearby master nodes which then an-swer the queries from the network owner on behalf of sensor nodes. Relying on master nodes for data storage and query processing raises severe concerns about data confidentiality and query-result correctness when the sensor network is deployed in hostile environ-ments. In particular, a compromised master node may leak hosted sensitive data to the adversary; it may also return juggled or incom-plete query results to the network owner. This paper, for the first time in the literature, presents a suite of novel schemes to secure multidimensional range queries in tiered sensor networks. The pro-posed schemes can ensure data confidentiality against master nodes and also enable the network owner to verify with very high proba-bility the authenticity and completeness of any query result by in-specting the spatial and temporal relationships among the returned data. Detailed performance evaluations confirm the high efficacy and efficiency of the proposed schemes.
Securing communication in 6LoWPAN with compressed IPsec,” in
- Proc. 7th Int. Conf. DCOSS,
, 2011
"... Abstract-Real-world deployments of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require secure communication. It is important that a receiver is able to verify that sensor data was generated by trusted nodes. It may also be necessary to encrypt sensor data in transit. Recently, WSNs and traditional IP networks ..."
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Abstract-Real-world deployments of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require secure communication. It is important that a receiver is able to verify that sensor data was generated by trusted nodes. It may also be necessary to encrypt sensor data in transit. Recently, WSNs and traditional IP networks are more tightly integrated using IPv6 and 6LoWPAN. Available IPv6 protocol stacks can use IPsec to secure data exchange. Thus, it is desirable to extend 6LoWPAN such that IPsec communication with IPv6 nodes is possible. It is beneficial to use IPsec because the existing end-points on the Internet do not need to be modified to communicate securely with the WSN. Moreover, using IPsec, true end-to-end security is implemented and the need for a trustworthy gateway is removed. In this paper we provide End-to-End (E2E) secure communication between IP enabled sensor networks and the traditional Internet. This is the first compressed lightweight design, implementation, and evaluation of 6LoWPAN extension for IPsec. Our extension supports both IPsec's Authentication Header (AH) and Encapsulation Security Payload (ESP). Thus, communication endpoints are able to authenticate, encrypt and check the integrity of messages using standardized and established IPv6 mechanisms.
The Price of Security in Wireless Sensor Networks
"... Abstract—With the increased application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to military, commercial, and home environments, securing the data in the network has become a critical issue. Several security mechanisms, such as TinySec, have been introduced to address the need for security in WSNs. The co ..."
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Abstract—With the increased application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to military, commercial, and home environments, securing the data in the network has become a critical issue. Several security mechanisms, such as TinySec, have been introduced to address the need for security in WSNs. The cost of security, however, still mostly remains an unknown variable. To provide a better understanding of this cost we have studied three aspects of WSNs security: encryption algorithms, modes of operation for block ciphers, and message authentication algorithms. We have measured and compared their memory and energy consumption on both MicaZ and TelosB sensor motes. The results of our experiments provide insight into the suitability of different security algorithms for use in WSN environments and could be used by WSN designers to construct the security architecture of their systems in a way that both satisfies the requirements of the application and reasonably uses the constrained sensor resources. I.
REAct: Resource-Efficient Accountability for Node Misbehavior in Ad Hoc Networks based on Random Audits
- In WiSec
, 2009
"... Wireless ad hoc networks rely on multi-hop routes to trans-port data from source to destination. The routing function is implemented in a collaborative manner, with each node re-sponsible for relaying traffic to the destination. However, an increasingly sophisticated pool of users with easy access t ..."
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Wireless ad hoc networks rely on multi-hop routes to trans-port data from source to destination. The routing function is implemented in a collaborative manner, with each node re-sponsible for relaying traffic to the destination. However, an increasingly sophisticated pool of users with easy access to commercial wireless devices, combined with the poor phys-ical and software security of the devices, can lead to node misconfiguration or misbehavior. A misbehaving node may refuse to forward packets in order to conserve its energy (selfishness), or simply degrade network performance (mali-ciousness). In this paper, we investigate the problem of uniquely iden-tifying the set of misbehaving nodes who refuse to forward packets. We propose a novel misbehavior identification sche-me called REAct that provides resource-efficient account-ability for node misbehavior. REAct identifies misbehaving nodes based on a series of random audits triggered upon a performance drop. We show that a source-destination pair using REAct can identify any number of independently misbehaving nodes based on behavioral proofs provided by nodes. Proofs are constructed using Bloom filters which are storage-efficient membership structures, thus significantly reducing the communication overhead for misbehavior de-tection.
