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...lytic strain (126, 211). Intravitreal administration of ampicillin, gentamicin, and dexamethasone 24 h following infection was effective in salvaging vision in eyes infected with noncytolytic strains =-=(125)-=-. Similar treatment of endophthalmitis with the cytolytic strain had no demonstrable effect on the rapid course of visual loss (125). These observations suggested that improvement in visual outcome fo...

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...itis (33). Enterococcal factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of disease have been identified. The cytolysin of Enterococcus faecalis contributes to enterococcal virulence in all models studied =-=(7, 29, 31, 34, 35)-=-. It was recently shown to be autoinduced by a quorum-sensing mechanism involving a two-component regulatory system (25). Aggregation substance is an enterococcal surface protein, encoded by several p...

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...treal steroids to treat bacterial endophthalmitis remains controversial. In experimental models of bacterial endophthalmitis, concomitant administration of dexamethasone was reported to be beneficial =-=(62, 85, 101, 102, 123, 154)-=-, had no effect (4, 30, 62, 70, 118), or was detrimental (88) to infection outcome. Despite these conflicting results, dexamethasone is frequently used as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy in endophtha...

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... makes infection five times more acutely lethal [22] Rabbit endophthalmitis Cytolysin makes infection acutely destructive to retina and other ocular structures, and refractory to antibiotic treatment =-=[46,47,49]-=- Mouse intraperitoneal infection Rabbit endocarditis Cytolysin makes infection approximately one hundred times more acutely lethal Cytolysin makes infection acutely lethal in synergy with aggregation ...

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...the ability to administer intravitreous antibiotic and anti-inflammatory agents as is done for clinical endophthalmitis, providing rapid therapeutic intervention and reducing potential adverse events =-=(60)-=-. Offsetting some of these strengths is that, although providing in vivo environmental cues, the eye is not a common site for enterococcal infection and has built-in limitations in host response that ...

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... makes infection five times more acutely lethal [22]sRabbit endophthalmitis Cytolysin makes infection acutely destructive to retina andsother ocular structures, and refractory to antibiotic treatments=-=[46,47,49]-=-sMouse intraperitonealsinfectionsCytolysin makes infection approximately one hundred timessmore acutely lethals[42,50]sRabbit endocarditis Cytolysin makes infection acutely lethal in synergy withsaggr...

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...toxin, the cytolysin, also mediates the precipitous loss of organ function in the endophthalmitis model (13) and renders this infection refractory to existing antibiotic or antiinflammatory treatment =-=(12)-=-. The cytolysin was recently shown to be regulated by a novel autoregulated quorum system (7) distinct from the fsr system. The present study demonstrates that fsr regulates additional virulence trait...

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...ere independent of the aggregation substance phenotype, may shed light on the reasons for the relative inadequacy of current endophthalmitis therapy for treating cytolytic E. faecalis endophthalmitis =-=(26)-=-. Treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis frequently involves removal of vitreous fluids (vitrectomy) and direct intraocular instillation of antimicrobial agents. The findings from this study suggest t...

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...toxin, the cytolysin, also mediates the precipitous loss of organ function in the endophthalmitis model (13) and renders this infection refractory to existing antibiotic or antiinflammatory treatment =-=(12)-=-. The cytolysin was recently shown to be regulated by a novel autoregulated quorum system (7) distinct from the fsr system. The present study demonstrates that fsr regulates additional virulence trait...

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...ory strains in animal models of disease. These studies showed that cytolytic E. faecalis not only causes more fulminant disease but also renders the infection unresponsive to therapeutic intervention =-=(17, 18)-=-. The production of most secreted and cell surface proteins in S. aureus is coordinately controlled by chromosomal regulatory loci termed accessory gene regulator (agr) and staphylococcal accessory re...