-evaluations, exaggerated perceptions of control or mastery, and unrealistic optimism-can serve a wide variety of cognitive, affective, and social functions. We also attempt to resolve the following paraPreparation of this article was supported by National Science Foundation Grant BNS 83-08524, National Cancer Institute

As the issue rate and depth of pipelining of high performance Superscalar processors increase, the importance of an excellent branch predictor becomes more vital to delivering the potential performance of a wide-issue, deep pipelined microarchitecture. We propose a new dynamic branch predictor (Two

of ‘intrinsic’ resolution, an issue that cannot be solved with additional morphological data. It is unclear how often we should expect clades to be intrinsically resolvable in realistic circumstances, as intrinsic resolution must increase as taxonomic sampling decreases. Using branching simulations, I quantify

Experimental studies have shown that some proteins exist in two alternative native-state conformations. It has been proposed that such bi-stable proteins can potentially function as evolutionary bridges at the interface between two neutral networks of protein sequences that fold uniquely

potential application to a variety of tasks, including automatic indexing, resolving nominal compounds, and determining the scope of modification.

Activation of NF-κB is known to prevent apoptosis but may also act as proapoptotic factor in order to eliminate inflammatory cells. Here, we show that classical NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 and bone marrow-derived macrophages upon short E. coli coculture is necessary to promote cell death at late time points. At 48 hours subsequent to short-term, E. coli challenge increased survival of NF-κB-suppressed macrophages was associated with pattern of autophagy whereas macrophages with normal NF-κB signalling die. Cell death of normal macrophages was indicated by preceding downregulation of autophagy associated genes atg5 and beclin1. Restimulation of macrophages with LPS at 48 hours after E. coli treatment results in augmented proinflammatory cytokine production in NF-κB-suppressed macrophages compared to control cells. We thus demonstrate that classical NF-κB activation inhibits autophagy and promotes delayed programmed cell death. This mechanism is likely to prevent the recovery of inflammatory cells and thus contributes to the resolution of inflammation. Copyright © 2008 Silke Schlottmann et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1.

An understanding of DNA methylation and its potential role in gene control during development, aging and cancer has been hampered by a lack of sensitive methods which can resolve exact methylation patterns from only small quantities of DNA. We have now developed a genomic sequencing technique which

of the art. After introducing the characteristics of data and transactions in real-time databases, we discuss issues that relate to the processing of time-constrained transactions. Specifically, we examine different approaches to resolving contention over data and processing resources. We also explore

;rigid-lid" approximation. To resolve special features of the ocean circulation, such as the Equatorial Undercurrent, the numerical model allows for a variable spacing in either the zonal or meridional direction. The model is designed to be as consistent as possible with the continuous equations with respect to energy

and graph theory with a first-principles theory of router-level topology that reflects practical constraints and tradeoffs. While there is an inevitable tradeoff between model complexity and fidelity, a challenge is to distill from the seemingly endless list of potentially relevant technological