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Sparse coding with an overcomplete basis set: a strategy employed by V1

by Bruno A. Olshausen, David J. Fieldt - Vision Research , 1997
"... The spatial receptive fields of simple cells in mammalian striate cortex have been reasonably well described physiologically and can be characterized as being localized, oriented, and ban@ass, comparable with the basis functions of wavelet transforms. Previously, we have shown that these receptive f ..."
Abstract - Cited by 958 (9 self) - Add to MetaCart
field properties may be accounted for in terms of a strategy for producing a sparse distribution of output activity in response to natural images. Here, in addition to describing this work in a more expansive fashion, we examine the neurobiological implications of sparse coding. Of particular interest

A survey of outlier detection methodologies

by Victoria J. Hodge, Jim Austin - Artificial Intelligence Review , 2004
"... Abstract. Outlier detection has been used for centuries to detect and, where appropriate, remove anomalous observations from data. Outliers arise due to mechanical faults, changes in system behaviour, fraudulent behaviour, human error, instrument error or simply through natural deviations in populat ..."
Abstract - Cited by 312 (3 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract. Outlier detection has been used for centuries to detect and, where appropriate, remove anomalous observations from data. Outliers arise due to mechanical faults, changes in system behaviour, fraudulent behaviour, human error, instrument error or simply through natural deviations

The concept of fit in strategy research: Towards verbal and statistical correspondence

by N. Venkatraman - ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT REVIEW , 1989
"... Strategic management relationships are increasingly specified by invoking a general conceptualization of fit ' (alternately termed as contingency, congruency, coalignment, consistency, etc.), but with inadequate correspondence between theoretical statements and operationalization schemes. This ..."
Abstract - Cited by 319 (9 self) - Add to MetaCart
. This paper develops a conceptual framework and identifies six different perspectives-- fit as moderation; fit as mediation; fit as matching; fit as gestalts; fit as profile-deviation; and fit as covariation-- each implying distinct theoretical meanings and requiring the use of specific analytical schemes

The stages of economic growth.

by W W Rostow - Economic History Review , 2nd series 12, , 1959
"... JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about J ..."
Abstract - Cited by 297 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
, they accelerated the development of new technology relevant to the peacetime economy and shifted the political and social framework in ways conducive to peacetime growth.3 The historical sequence of business cycles and trend periods results from these deviations of actual from optimal patterns

Routine as Deviation

by João Vieira Da Cunha, Miguel Pina E Cunha, Robert Chia
"... We draw on evidence scattered across thick descriptions of organizations to outline an alternative model of routine. Instead of defining routine as a process of compliance with prescribed rules and procedures we define it as a process of deviation from the prescribed elements of organizations, resul ..."
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We draw on evidence scattered across thick descriptions of organizations to outline an alternative model of routine. Instead of defining routine as a process of compliance with prescribed rules and procedures we define it as a process of deviation from the prescribed elements of organizations

Deviation and Translation

by Miaden Jovanovic, Intralanguage Communication
"... According to one definition, language is a system of systems (of codes, of rules). There is, for instance, a system of words and a system of rules governing the arrangements of those words into sentences. In its turn, language (verbal communication) is embedded in, and depends upon, other, nonverbal ..."
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) they live in — the reality which is structured by, and mirrored in, the language they speak and which, structured as it is, is the subject matter of language communication. It should be noted at this point that — because of the nature of language and the structure of the human mind — no language

Trading blocs and the Americas: The natural, the unnatural, and the super-natural

by Jeffrey Frankel , Ernesto Stein , Shang-jin Wei - JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS , 1995
"... Is world trade becoming more regionalized, as a result of preferential arrangements such as NAFTA, the Andean Pact and MERCOSUR? If so, is this deviation from the principle of MFN (non-discriminatory trade policies) good or bad? This paper attempts to answer both questions. Using the gravity model t ..."
Abstract - Cited by 144 (9 self) - Add to MetaCart
Is world trade becoming more regionalized, as a result of preferential arrangements such as NAFTA, the Andean Pact and MERCOSUR? If so, is this deviation from the principle of MFN (non-discriminatory trade policies) good or bad? This paper attempts to answer both questions. Using the gravity model

Importance sampling, large deviations, and differential games

by Paul Dupuis, Hui Wang - Stoch. and Stoch. Reports
"... A heuristic that has emerged in the area of importance sampling is that the changes of measure used to prove large deviation lower bounds give good performance when used for importance sampling. Recent work, however, has suggested that the heuristic is incorrect in many situations. The perspective p ..."
Abstract - Cited by 69 (18 self) - Add to MetaCart
. The result indicates that an adaptive change of measure, rather than a static change of measure, is what the large deviations analysis truly suggests. The proofs utilize a control-theoretic approach to large de-viations, which naturally leads to the construction of asymptotically optimal adaptive schemes

On the levy-walk nature of human mobility

by Injong Rhee, Minsu Shin, Seongik Hong, Kyunghan Lee, Song Chong - Tech. Rep., NCSU
"... Abstract—We report that human walks performed in outdoor settings of tens of kilometers resemble a truncated form of Levy walks commonly observed in animals such as monkeys, birds and jackals. Our study is based on about one thousand hours of GPS traces involving 44 volunteers in various outdoor set ..."
Abstract - Cited by 140 (3 self) - Add to MetaCart
to those of Levy walks. It is conjectured that the truncation, which makes the mobility deviate from pure Levy walks, comes from geographical constraints including walk boundary, physical obstructions and traffic. None of commonly used mobility models for mobile networks captures these properties. Based

Large deviations and its

by S. R. S. Varadhan, S. R. S. Varadhan - Applications, 46, CBMS-NSF Series in Applied Mathematics, SIAM , 1984
"... The theory of large deviations deals with rates at which probabilities of certain events decay as a natural parameter in the problem varies. It is best to think of a specific example to clarify the idea. Let us suppose that we have n independent and identically distributed random variables {Xi} havi ..."
Abstract - Cited by 13 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
The theory of large deviations deals with rates at which probabilities of certain events decay as a natural parameter in the problem varies. It is best to think of a specific example to clarify the idea. Let us suppose that we have n independent and identically distributed random variables {Xi
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