A thorough description of the evolving MIMIC Hardware Description Language (MHDL) is presented from the perspective of an analog modeler or designer. Analog simulation issues pertinent to MHDL description are discussed. This includes both transient and steady-state simulation.perspectives. Several modeling examples demonstrate the concepts and simulation issues related to these examples, as well as MHDL - simulator interactions in general, are also discussed. KEYWORDS analog modeling; analog hardware description languages (HDLs); analog simulation; MHDL 1 INTRODUCTION T example, it has a physical embodiment, thermal and electro-magnetic characteristics, etc. These 'major' descriptive regimes are many times referred to as views (i.e. a "physical" or "electrical" view) and the description or definition of characteristics within a view is often called a behavior (i.e., "thermal" or "digital" behavior). Other than the case of a very abstract model of behavior, behaviors within these v...

We propose a quantitative concept for the lower planetary boundary, requiring that a planet must keep its atmosphere in vacuum. The solution-set framework of Pečnik and Wuchterl (2005) enabled a clear and quantitative criterion for the discrimination of a planet and a minor body. Using a simple isothermal core-envelope model, we apply the proposed planetary criterion to the large bodies in the Solar System. 1.

We present 0.8 to 2.4 µm spectral observations of uranian satellites, obtained at IRTF/SpeX on 17 nights during 2001-2005. The spectra reveal for the first time the presence of CO2 ice on the surfaces of Umbriel and Titania, by means of 3 narrow absorption bands near 2 microns. Several additional, weaker CO2 ice absorptions have also been detected. No CO2 absorption is seen in Oberon spec-tra, and the strengths of the CO2 ice bands decline with planetocentric distance from Ariel through Titania. We use the CO2 absorptions to map the longitudinal distribution of CO2 ice on Ariel, Umbriel, and Titania, showing that it is most abundant on their trailing hemispheres. We also examine H2O ice absorptions in the spectra, finding deeper H2O bands on the leading hemispheres of Ariel, Um-briel, and Titania, but the opposite pattern on Oberon. Potential mechanisms to produce the observed longitudinal and planetocentric distributions of the two ices are considered. Subject headings: Ices; satellites of Uranus; surfaces of satellites; infrared observations; spectroscopy. 1.

Abstract: We use thermodynamic calculations to model atmospheric chemistry on terrestrial exoplanets that are hot enough for chemical equilibria between the atmosphere and lithosphere, as on Venus. The results of our calculations place constraints on abundances of spectroscopically observable gases, the surface temperature and pressure, and the mineralogy of the planetary surface. These results will be useful in planning future observations of the atmospheres of terrestrial-sized exoplanets by current and proposed space observatories such as the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), Spitzer, James

An introduction to geometric complexity theory

NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Icarus. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was

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vortex lines and vortex tubes in stationary fluid flows

Using the C6 glioma cell as a paradigm, we found that i) the clonogenicity of C6 cells is several orders of magnitude higher than the percentage of SP cells; ii) non-SP cells are able to generate SP cells, and conversely SP cells generate non-SP cells; iii) non-SP sorted cells behave as tumorigenic cells. Hence, in C6 cells cultured in serum-containing medium, SP cells can be generated from non-SP cells. This dynamic equilibrium explains in C6 cells the maintenance of the SP phenotype with cell passaging and demonstrates the existence of tumorigenic non-SP cells.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding endogenously produced RNAs that play key roles in controlling the expression of many cellular proteins. Once they are recruited and incorporated into a ribonucleoprotein complex miRISC, they can target specific mRNAs in a miRNA sequence-dependent process and interfere in the translation into proteins of the targeted mRNAs severalvia mechanisms. Consequently, miRNAs can regulate many cellular pathways and processes. Dysregulation of their physiological roles may largely contribute to disease. In particular, in cancer, miRNAs can be involved in the deregulation of the expression of important genes that play key roles in tumorigenesis, tumor development, and angiogenesis and have oncogenic or tumor suppressor roles. This review focuses on the biogenesis and maturation of miRNAs, their mechanisms of gene regulation, and the way their expression is deregulated in cancer. The involvement of miRNAs in several oncogenic pathways such as angiogenesis and apoptosis, and in the inter-cellular dialog mediated by miRNA-loaded exosomes as well as the development of new therapeutical strategies based on miRNAs will be discussed.