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1,875
Choices, values and frames.
- American Psychologist,
, 1984
"... Making decisions is like speaking prose-people do it all the time, knowingly or unknowingly. It is hardly surprising, then, that the topic of decision making is shared by many disciplines, from mathematics and statistics, through economics and political science, to sociology and psychology. The stu ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 684 (9 self)
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with specified probabilities. A typical riskless decision concerns the acceptability of a transaction in which a good or a service is exchanged for money or labor. In the first part of this article we present an analysis of the cognitive and psychophysical factors that determine the value of risky prospects
Loopy belief propagation for approximate inference: An empirical study. In:
- Proceedings of Uncertainty in AI,
, 1999
"... Abstract Recently, researchers have demonstrated that "loopy belief propagation" -the use of Pearl's polytree algorithm in a Bayesian network with loops -can perform well in the context of error-correcting codes. The most dramatic instance of this is the near Shannon-limit performanc ..."
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Cited by 676 (15 self)
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in a more gen eral setting? We compare the marginals com puted using loopy propagation to the exact ones in four Bayesian network architectures, including two real-world networks: ALARM and QMR. We find that the loopy beliefs of ten converge and when they do, they give a good approximation
Randomized Experiments from Non-random Selection in the U.S. House Elections
- Journal of Econometrics
, 2008
"... This paper establishes the relatively weak conditions under which causal inferences from a regression-discontinuity (RD) analysis can be as credible as those from a randomized experiment, and hence under which the validity of the RD design can be tested by examining whether or not there is a discont ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 377 (17 self)
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characteristics and choices, but there is also a random chance element: for each individual, there exists a well-defined probability distribution for V. The density function – allowed to differ arbitrarily across the population – is assumed to be continuous. It is formally established that treatment status here
Preference and Belief: Ambiguity and Competence in Choice under Uncertainty
- JOURNAL OF RISK AND UNCERTAINTY
, 1991
"... We investigate the relation between judgments of probability and preferences between bets. A series of experiments provides support for the competence hypothesis that people prefer betting on their own judgment over an equiprobable chance event when they consider themselves knowledgeable, but not o ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 305 (6 self)
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of inferring beliefs from preferences is questioned. The uncertainty we encounter in the world is not readily quantified. We may feel that our favorite football team has a good chance to win the championship match, that the price of gold will probably go up, and that the incumbent mayor is unlikely
Confirmation, Disconfirmation, and Information in Hypothesis Testing
, 1987
"... Strategies for hypothesis testing in scientific investigation and everyday reasoning have interested both psychologists and philosophers. A number of these scholars stress the importance of disconnrmation in reasoning and suggest that people are instead prone to a general deleterious "confirmat ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 333 (0 self)
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;confirmation bias." In particular, it is suggested that people tend to test those cases that have the best chance of verifying current beliefs rather than those that have the best chance of falsifying them. We show, however; that many phenomena labeled "confirmation bias" are better understood
Unsupervised Learning of Multiple Motifs in Biopolymers Using Expectation Maximization
- Machine Learning
, 1995
"... . The MEME algorithm extends the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm for identifying motifs in unalignedbiopolymer sequences. The aim of MEME is to discover new motifs in a set of biopolymer sequences where little or nothing is known in advance about any motifs that may be present. MEME innovati ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 278 (8 self)
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innovations expand the range of problems which can be solved using EM and increase the chance of finding good solutions. First, subsequences which actually occur in the biopolymer sequences are used as starting points for the EM algorithm to increase the probability of finding globally optimal motifs. Second
Genetic Algorithms, Noise, and the Sizing of Populations
- COMPLEX SYSTEMS
, 1991
"... This paper considers the effect of stochasticity on the quality of convergence of genetic algorithms (GAs). In many problems, the variance of building-block fitness or so-called collateral noise is the major source of variance, and a population-sizing equation is derived to ensure that average sig ..."
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Cited by 276 (85 self)
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equation may be viewed as a coarse delineation of a boundary between what a physicist might call two distinct phases of GA behavior. At low population sizes the GA makes many errors of decision, and the quality of convergence is largely left to the vagaries of chance or the serial fixup of flawed
A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase
- J Biol Chem
, 1952
"... Several methods have been developed for following the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by catalase, but these either have not been sufficiently quantitative or have not proved rapid enough to yield reliable data during the critical 1st or 2nd minute of the reaction. Chemical pro-cedures in w ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 254 (0 self)
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-air interface becomes limiting. This is manifested by changes in both the order of the reaction and the rate of evolution of oxygen with variations in the rate of agitation of the reaction mixture (7). Direct measurement of hydrogen peroxide by polar-ography provides good quantitative data during the 1st minute
Techniques for Addressing Fundamental Privacy and Disruption Tradeoffs in Awareness Support Systems
, 1996
"... This paper describes a fundamental dual tradeoff that occurs in systems supporting awareness for distributed work groups, and presents several specific new techniques which illustrate good compromise points within this tradeoff space. This dual tradeoff is between privacy and awareness, and between ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 245 (4 self)
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This paper describes a fundamental dual tradeoff that occurs in systems supporting awareness for distributed work groups, and presents several specific new techniques which illustrate good compromise points within this tradeoff space. This dual tradeoff is between privacy and awareness, and between
The Ultimate Display
- Proceedings of the IFIP Congress
, 1965
"... Office, ARPA, OSD We live in a physical world whose properties we have come to know well through long familiarity. We sense an involvement with this physical world which gives us the ability to predict its properties well. For example, we can predict where objects will fall, how well-known shapes lo ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 232 (0 self)
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connected to a digital computer gives us a chance to gain familiarity with concepts not realizable in the physical world. It is a looking glass into a mathematical wonderland. Computer displays today cover a variety of capabilities. Some have only the fundamental ability to plot dots. Displays being sold
Results 1 - 10
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