"... In PAGE 33: ... Records from the old projects are poor, so the cost figu res are only approximate . Rough estimates of project costs per hectare by project category are presented in Table2 . For the NWDPRA and World Bank Pilot Project the upper range is the cost listed in the project guidelines, while for the Jal Sandharan and COWDEP it is based on the total number of structures built divided by the area covered.... In PAGE 79: ... However, only grass fodder, tree fod der and fuel were found in more than a few villages, so the analysis presented here is restricted to those commodities. The mean values of responses by project category are presented in Table2 0; it covers only the subset of 40 Maharashtra villages that h ad government revenue land in both 1987 and 1997. The table shows no significant differences across project categories or any other village characteristics.... In PAGE 80: ... Table2 0: Village - level change in availability of various products from common revenue lands between 1987 and 1997, by project category a,b Project category Number of villages % villages with different directions of change in availability of grass fodder % villages with different directions of change in availability of tree fodder % villages with different directions of change in availability of fuel More Same Less More Same Less More Same Less All villages 40 2 0 27.5 52.... In PAGE 81: ... Table2 1: Econometric analysis of determinants of change in availability of grass fodder and fuel on government revenue lands a Ordered probit regression Variable Grass fodder Fuel Model 1 b Model 2 c Model 1 b Model 2 c Av ailability of grass fodder (fuel) in 1987 2.13 (0.... In PAGE 84: ... Obviously this approach provides no lessons about how to address the problem in the majority of villages that do have government revenue land, but it may be an intelligent approach for agenci es with limited budgets that can only operate in a limited area. Table2 2: Percentage of respondents in Maharashtra who say they benefited from the watershed project, by project category and landholding size a Landholding size category Project category All respondents Landless 0 - 1 ha 1 - 2 ha gt; 2 ha All projects 26 12 19 26 45 NWDPRA 8 0 17 0 17 JS/DPAP 17 0 0 33 20 NGO 39 29 44 25 63 AGY/IGWDP 31 14 0 33 60 Notes: a Findings based on household survey; 120 respondents in Maharashtra. Table 23: Per centage of respondents in Maharashtra who say they were harmed by the watershed project, by project category and landholding size a Landholding size category Project category All respondents Landless 0 - 1 ha 1 - 2 ha gt; 2 ha All projects 11 19 8 10 7 NWDPR A 4 0 17 0 0 JS 13 33 0 11 0 NGOs 8 14 0 8 13 AGY/IGWDP 17 29 14 17 10 Notes: a Findings based on household survey; 120 respondents in Maharashtra.... In PAGE 84: ... Table 22: Percentage of respondents in Maharashtra who say they benefited from the watershed project, by project category and landholding size a Landholding size category Project category All respondents Landless 0 - 1 ha 1 - 2 ha gt; 2 ha All projects 26 12 19 26 45 NWDPRA 8 0 17 0 17 JS/DPAP 17 0 0 33 20 NGO 39 29 44 25 63 AGY/IGWDP 31 14 0 33 60 Notes: a Findings based on household survey; 120 respondents in Maharashtra. Table2 3: Per centage of respondents in Maharashtra who say they were harmed by the watershed project, by project category and landholding size a Landholding size category Project category All respondents Landless 0 - 1 ha 1 - 2 ha gt; 2 ha All projects 11 19 8 10 7 NWDPR A 4 0 17 0 0 JS 13 33 0 11 0 NGOs 8 14 0 8 13 AGY/IGWDP 17 29 14 17 10 Notes: a Findings based on household survey; 120 respondents in Maharashtra. ... In PAGE 86: ... Table 24 shows that respondents in the AGY - IGWDP and NGO project villages ind icated with much greater frequency that employment opportunities had risen, whereas those under the NWDPRA, the DPAP - Jal Sandharan, and in nonproject villages indicated that employment had declined. Table2 4: Reported changes in number of days of employm ent between 1987 and 1997, by project category a,b % of respondents indicating more, less or same access to employment Project category More Same Less All villages 33 61 6 NWDPRA 9 91 0 Jalsandharan 29 65 6 NGO 43 47 10 AGY/IGW DP 72 17 11 No project 18 78 4 Notes: a Findings from household - level interviews; n = 85. 35 respondents who do not engage in wage labor did not respond.... In PAGE 89: ... They are relatively flat and half of them are in the lower and middle part of the macrowatershed; these characteristics are more likely to be associated with a higher water t able. Table2 5: Average change in village - level percent irrigated area, by project category Project category % area irrigated, 1987 % area brought under irrigation, 1987 - 1997 % increase in irrigated area, 1987 - 1997 All villages 12.9 7.... In PAGE 90: ... As in the Maharashtra village level data, nonproject villages had a higher mean increase in cropping intensity than most projects. Table2 6: Mean increase in number of seasons irrigat ed 1987 - 1997, by project category Plot characteristic Mean increase in seasons irrigated All plots Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh .35 .... In PAGE 93: ... Table2 7: Number and percentage of respondents reporting that water - harvesting investments improved their access to irrigation State All respondents Far mers Farmers with irrigation Maharashtra 21 18 23 46 NWDPRA 2 8 11 13 DPAP 3 13 17 50 NGO 6 17 21 60 AGY - IGWDP 10 28 37 71 Andhra Pradesh 9 6 8 13 NWDPRA 2 6 8 22 DPAP 3 8 11 18 NGO 2 6 7 9 World Bank / ICAR 2 4 5 11 One obvious point in the table is that perceived benefits from irrigation are highly concentrated among farmers with access to irrigated land. There are also indirect benefits, such as higher employment demand, that respondents did not refer to.... In PAGE 102: ... Table2 9: Percentage of farmers who cultivate across the slope, by project category, both states a,b % of farmers who cultivated across the slope All respondents Respondents who interacted with the project staff Total observations % of total Total obse rvations % of total Maharashtra Overall 86 65 24 58 NWDPRA 12 50 0 n.a.... ..."

"... In PAGE 14: ... and the negative correlation between trophic state and PC5 were explained by the influence of agricul- tural or forested land-use, topography, and wet- land position within the watershed. Lake trophic state was negatively correlated with forested land- use with other PC5-related variables held constant ( Table9 ). Trophic state was positively correlated with agricultural lake-fringe and maximum eleva- tion difference when the number of lakes upstream and wetland extent were held constant.... In PAGE 14: ... Trophic state was positively correlated with agricultural lake-fringe and maximum eleva- tion difference when the number of lakes upstream and wetland extent were held constant. Lake troph- ic state also was positively correlated with wetland distance upstream with other factors influencing PCl held constant ( Table9 ). Conversely, Iakes with proximal wetlands, i.... In PAGE 14: ... The relationship between lake total or organic N and PC2 also was explained by the influence of agricultural land-use. The partial correlation be- tween agricultural lake fringe and organic or total nitrogen was significant with other PCZrelated variables held constant ( Table9 ). Total and organic nitrogen were both negatively correlated with the forest/soils component (PC5) but the effect of original variables related to PC5 could not be sepa- rated through partial correlation analysis.... ..."

"... In PAGE 19: ... Maps of the study streams are shown in Appendix A. Table2 identifies the stream, watershed management area, location and types of data collected. Table 2.... In PAGE 28: ...iebert Creek was surveyed from RM 0.0 to RM 8.0 on the mainstem and for 0.3 miles on the West Fork Siebert Creek ( Table2 ). Segments 1 and 2 were surveyed in 1992, Segment 3 in 1994.... In PAGE 42: ...5 CW/pool), a high percentage of pool habitat (72%), and deep pools (38% of pools with a residual depth gt;1.0 m) ( Table2 0). Logjams and individual logs were the most common pool-forming factor, however beaver dams, bank projections, and self-formed pools were also important.... In PAGE 42: ... Twenty three percent of LWD was unstable. The riparian zone was young and dominated by deciduous species ( Table2 0). The 39% average canopy closure is mostly attributable to the small deciduous riparian forest and somewhat to the 13.... In PAGE 45: ... iii. Temperature Conditions by Segment The Tahuya River had consistently high temperatures, relative to the other three streams ( Table2 1). Sites 2a, 3a, and 4a exceeded State standards for about half the days sampled.... In PAGE 45: ...Table 21). Sites 2a, 3a, and 4a exceeded State standards for about half the days sampled. All sites exceeded the preferred temperature range, and four of the five sites exceeded it on all days sampled (Appendix G). Table2 1: Summary of temperature survey information for Tahuya and Dewatto River. Water temperature was sampled continuously during the sampling period.... In PAGE 46: ... Dewatto River i. Habitat conditions by segment Segment 2 and 3 had abundant riffles low percent pools (35 and 38%) in primarily a single thread channel ( Table2 0). Residual pool depths in segment 2 were shallow for a river of this size (57% lt; 0.... In PAGE 46: ...0). Cobble was the dominant substrate size, and percent fines were high at 20.5% on segment 2. Segment 5 and 6 had a high percentage of surface area in pools (82 and 80%, Table2 0). Sixty- seven and 73% of pools were greater than 0.... In PAGE 46: ...egments 2, 3, and 6. Large woody debris was at very low levels in segment 6. Most LWD was moderately decayed conifer in segment 5 and rotten-unknown or deciduous in segment 6 (Appendix B). Canopy closure was 40% for segment 6( Table2 0) reflecting a young, deciduous dominated riparian zone interspersed with wetlands. Beaver ponds were common in segment 6.... In PAGE 46: ... Segment 5 had a sand/gravel substrate, and segment 6 a gravel/sand substrate. Like segments 5 and 6, most of the channel surface area in segments 8 and 10 was also pools (81 and 77%, Table2 0). Pools were frequent for both segments, and mostly formed by LWD.... In PAGE 46: ... Temperature Conditions by Segment The Dewatto River exceeded State AA standards (16.30C) for portions of only a handful of days ( Table2... In PAGE 56: ... Deep pools and percent pools are rated as good. Large woody debris volumes are certainly lower than historical conditions and key piece density is poor ( Table2 2). Most pools are formed by LWD; habitat conditions and bed stability would benefit with increased volumes of LWD.... In PAGE 56: ...989-1995). Recruitment potential from the riparian forest and water temperature is poor. The channel is aggraded and widened in several areas throughout the survey reach, reducing the shade provided by streamside trees. In addition the riparian forest is young (trees are not at their mature height) and composed of a mixture of conifer and deciduous trees ( Table2 0). Large woody debris recruitment potential was rated poor, with LWD volumes decreasing over the next 50 years until the forest matures (Table 22).... In PAGE 56: ... In addition the riparian forest is young (trees are not at their mature height) and composed of a mixture of conifer and deciduous trees (Table 20). Large woody debris recruitment potential was rated poor, with LWD volumes decreasing over the next 50 years until the forest matures ( Table2 2). The Tahuya consistently exceeded the preferred rearing salmonid temperature range (Tables 8 and 21).... ..."

"... In PAGE 21: ... In addition, eight of the top 13 most over-predicted values came from an extremely rocky, midslope transect with shallow soil. Removing these two transects from the analysis improved the explanatory power of those models (TCI and process models) that relied heavily on topographic drainage in generating their predictions ( Table2 ). IMI performed slightly worse after removing these transects.... ..."

"... In PAGE 4: ... Each network evaluates a specific prop- osition about the state of watershed condition. All net- works and their propositions in the WAS knowledge base are listed in Table1 . The knowledge base structure is designed to address the issues concerned by the water- shed managers and to reflect their opinions on the impor- tance of each issue.... ..."

"... In PAGE 11: ...2. Index sensitivity The total watershed nitrogen leaching index was clearly sensitive to the four parameters we varied ( Table4 ). Not surprisingly, index values changed most dramatically when the groundwater nitrogen ... In PAGE 13: ....1). Increasing nitrogen attenuation in groundwa- ter (0.1) showed a many-fold decrease in TWNLI compared to original values across the watersheds ( Table4 ). When K was decreased to 0.... In PAGE 13: ... When K was decreased to 0.001, TWNLI increased from 4- to 68-fold across the nine water- sheds ( Table4 ). Although the absolute values for TWNLI changed dramatically under this sensitivity analysis, watershed rankings were quite similar to original rankings.... In PAGE 13: ... Similarly, a +20% change in KS produced a +64% change in TWNLI for watershed 7 compared to only a +18% change in watershed 4 (Table 4). This pattern is observed with all parameter changes ( Table4 ). Second, although the index was sensitive to changes in root zone denitrification (DN) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (KS), watershed rankings were nearly identical to original values.... In PAGE 13: ... Only watersheds 2 and 5 occassionally switched ranks (Table 4). Finally, TWNLI was surprisingly sensitive to changes in root zone inputs of soil nitrogen (SN) ( Table4 ). Changes in TWNLI ranged from 50 to 100% of original values with only a 20% increase or decrease in SN (Table 4).... In PAGE 13: ... Finally, TWNLI was surprisingly sensitive to changes in root zone inputs of soil nitrogen (SN) (Table 4). Changes in TWNLI ranged from 50 to 100% of original values with only a 20% increase or decrease in SN ( Table4 ). Interestingly, water- shed rankings for +20% SN were identical to origi- nal rankings (even though absolute changes were very high), while watershed rankings for -20% SN were extremely different from original values (Table 4).... In PAGE 13: ... Changes in TWNLI ranged from 50 to 100% of original values with only a 20% increase or decrease in SN (Table 4). Interestingly, water- shed rankings for +20% SN were identical to origi- nal rankings (even though absolute changes were very high), while watershed rankings for -20% SN were extremely different from original values ( Table4 ). Only watershed 3 was ranked similarly in the -20% SN analysis (rank = 1) (Table 4).... ..."