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OPTIMAL MARGINAL TAX RATES FOR LOW INCOMES: POSITIVE, NEGATIVE, OR ZERO? BY STEFAN HOMBURG

by Discussion Paper No , 2002
"... ABSTRACT: Previous studies have shown that the optimal marginal tax rate at the bottom of the income distribution may be positive, negative, or even zero. This paper reexamines this problem in a unified framework and tries to evaluate the arguments. It turns out that the case for positive marginal t ..."
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tax rates is quite strong, whereas negative marginal tax rates seem to be based on a misconception.

Why Do Americans Work So Much More than Europeans?”, Quarterly Review of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis,

by Edward C Prescott , W P Carey Chair , 2004
"... Abstract Americans now work 50 percent more than do the Germans, French, and Italians. This was not the case in the early 1970s, when the Western Europeans worked more than Americans. This article examines the role of taxes in accounting for the differences in labor supply across time and across co ..."
Abstract - Cited by 475 (10 self) - Add to MetaCart
countries; in particular, the effective marginal tax rate on labor income. The population of countries considered is the G-7 countries, which are major advanced industrial countries. The surprising fi nding is that this marginal tax rate accounts for the predominance of differences at points in time

Loopy belief propagation for approximate inference: An empirical study. In:

by Kevin P Murphy , Yair Weiss , Michael I Jordan - Proceedings of Uncertainty in AI, , 1999
"... Abstract Recently, researchers have demonstrated that "loopy belief propagation" -the use of Pearl's polytree algorithm in a Bayesian network with loops -can perform well in the context of error-correcting codes. The most dramatic instance of this is the near Shannon-limit performanc ..."
Abstract - Cited by 676 (15 self) - Add to MetaCart
with a single loop • Unless all the conditional probabilities are deter ministic, belief propagation will converge. • There is an analytic expression relating the cor rect marginals to the loopy marginals. The ap proximation error is related to the convergence rate of the messages -the faster

Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health.

by Shelley E Taylor , Jonathon D Brown , Nancy Cantor , Edward Emery , Susan Fiske , Tony Green-Wald , Connie Hammen , Darrin Lehman , Chuck Mcclintock , Dick Nisbett , Lee Ross , Bill Swann , Joanne - Psychological Bulletin, , 1988
"... Many prominent theorists have argued that accurate perceptions of the self, the world, and the future are essential for mental health. Yet considerable research evidence suggests that overly positive selfevaluations, exaggerated perceptions of control or mastery, and unrealistic optimism are charac ..."
Abstract - Cited by 988 (20 self) - Add to MetaCart
both the social world and cognitive-processing mechanisms impose niters on incoming information that distort it in a positive direction; negative information may be isolated and represented in as unthreatening a manner as possible. These positive illusions may be especially useful when an individual

The Effect of Marginal Tax Rates on Taxable Income: A Panel Study of the 1986 Tax Reform Act

by Martin Feldstein, David Bradford, Kate Feldstein, John Gruber, Jim Hines, Jeff Liebman, Laity Lindsey Jim, Martin Feldstein - Journal of Political Economy , 1995
"... This paper extends a previously circulated unpublished paper ("A Preliminary Report on the ..."
Abstract - Cited by 293 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper extends a previously circulated unpublished paper ("A Preliminary Report on the

Optimal environmental taxation in the presence of other taxes: generalequilibrium analyses

by A. Lans Bovenberg, Lawrence H. Goulder, A. Lans, Bovenberg Lawrence, H. Goulder - American Economic Review , 1996
"... This paper examines the optimal setting of environmental taxes in economies where other, distortionary taxes are present We employ analytical and numerical models to explore the degree to which, in a second best economy, optimal environmental tax rates differ from the rates implied by the Pigovian p ..."
Abstract - Cited by 279 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
principle (according to which the optimal tax rate equals the marginal environmental damages). Both models indicate, contrary to what several analysts have suggested, that the optimal tax rate on emissions of a given pollutant is generally less than the rate supported by the Pigovian principle. Moreover

Optimal Income Transfer Programs: Intensive versus Extensive Labor Supply Responses

by Emmanuel Saez , 2002
"... This paper analyzes optimal income transfers for low incomes. Labor supply responses are modeled along the intensive margin (intensity of work on the job) and along the extensive margin (participation into the labor force). When behavioral responses are concentrated along the intensive margin, the o ..."
Abstract - Cited by 234 (18 self) - Add to MetaCart
, the optimal transfer program is a classical Negative Income Tax program with a substantial guaranteed income support and a large phasing-out tax rate. However, when behavioral responses are concentrated along the extensive margin, the optimal transfer program is similar to the Earned Income Tax Credit

Taxes and the location of production: evidence from a panel of US multinationals

by Michael P. Devereux, Rachel Griffith - Journal of Public Economics , 1998
"... This paper considers the factors that influence the locational decisions of multinational firms. A model in which firms produce differentiated products in imperfectly competitive markets is developed, in the spirit of Horstmann and Markusen (1992). Firms choose between a number of foreign locations; ..."
Abstract - Cited by 227 (24 self) - Add to MetaCart
; the outside options of exporting to or not serving the foreign market are explicitly modelled. Particular attention is paid to the impact of profit taxes; the separate roles of effective average and marginal tax rates are identified. The model is applied to a panel of US firms locating in the European market

The Elasticity of Taxable Income with Respect to Marginal Tax Rates: A Critical Review

by Emmanuel Saez, Joel B. Slemrod, Seth H. Giertz , 2009
"... This paper critically surveys the large and growing literature estimating the elasticity of taxable income with respect to marginal tax rates (ETI) using tax return data. First, we provide a theoretical framework showing under what assumptions this elasticity can be used as a sufficient statistic fo ..."
Abstract - Cited by 134 (15 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper critically surveys the large and growing literature estimating the elasticity of taxable income with respect to marginal tax rates (ETI) using tax return data. First, we provide a theoretical framework showing under what assumptions this elasticity can be used as a sufficient statistic

Social Security Rules and Marginal Tax Rates

by Martin Feldstein, Andrew Samwick - National Tax Journal , 1992
"... ABSTRACT rity tax is equal to the statutory rate while The analysis in this paper shows how for other taxpayers the combined effect of ourrent social security benefit rules have the tax and the resulting benefits implies created a variety of social security net a very much lower net marginal tax rat ..."
Abstract - Cited by 46 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
rate marginal tax rates that differ by age, sex, or even a negative marginal tax rate when marital status, and income in ways that the incremental benefits exceed the ad-reduce the equity and efficiency of the so- ditional taxes. cial security program. The existing pat- The size and heterogeneity
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