Active database systems have been developed for applications needing an automatic reaction in response to certain conditions or events. Events can be simple in nature or complex. Complex events are built from simpler ones with the help of operators of an event algebra. While numerous papers propose extensions of a given set of event operators only very few address the foundations of the semantics of complex events. As a consequence most proposals mix different concepts (aspects) of complex events and offer event operators as the only means to control their semantics. This leads to peculiarities as aspects are not always handled uniformly by operators. Sometimes operators have other semantics than expected. Moreover operators of different algebras which, at first glance, look the same may have different semantics. We developed a formal meta-model for complex events. It divides the semantics of complex events into elementary, essentially independent dimensions. The resulting elementary building blocks can be used ffl to gain a solid understanding of the basic properties of complex events, ffl to detect peculiarities in existing event algebras such as those mentioned above, ffl to compare existing event algebras and ffl to design a consistent and clear event algebra.
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