Download:
|
by Fan Zhang, Samuel T. Chanson
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems
http://ihome.ust.hk/%7Ezhangfan/pub/TECS03.ps
Add To MetaCart
Abstract:
As mobile computing is getting popular, there is a growing need for techniques that minimize energy consumption on battery-powered mobile devices. Processor voltage scheduling can e#ectively reduce processor energy consumption by lowering the processor speed. In this paper, we study voltage scheduling for real-time periodic tasks with non-preemptible sections. Three schemes are proposed: The static speed algorithm derives the minimum static feasible speed based on the Stack Resource Policy (SRP). Due to blocking, this static speed is usually higher than the speed required for scheduling fully preemptible tasks (called the utilization speed). Two dynamic speed algorithms are then introduced to further reduce energy consumption. The novel dual speed algorithm operates the processor at the utilization speed whenever possible and switches to the higher static speed only when blocking occurs. The dual speed dynamic reclaiming (DSDR) algorithm reserves time budget for each job, reclaims the unused time budget from completed jobs and redistributes it to subsequent jobs so they can run at a lower speed whenever possible. Feasibility conditions for real-time task sets have been derived and proved mathematically. Simulation results show that the proposed voltage scheduling algorithms dramatically reduce processor energy consumption over non-power-aware scheduling algorithms. Furthermore, the two dynamic speed algorithms consistently outperform the static speed scheme in a wide range of system and workload conditions.
Citations
|
2168
|
Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard Real-Time Environment
– Liu, Layland
- 1973
|
|
439
|
The rate monotonic scheduling algorithm-Exact characterization and average case behavior
– Lehoczky, Sha, et al.
- 1989
|
|
336
|
Scheduling for reduced CPU energy
– Weiser, Welch, et al.
- 1994
|
|
242
|
Real-time dynamic voltage scaling for low-power embedded operating systems
– Pillai, Shin
- 2001
|
|
233
|
Measuring and reducing energy consumption of network interfaces in handheld devices
– Stemm, Katz
- 1997
|
|
228
|
A scheduling model for reduced CPU energy
– Yao, Demers, et al.
- 1995
|
|
197
|
The simulation and evaluation of dynamic voltage scaling algorithms
– Pering, Burd, et al.
|
|
141
|
Stack-Based Scheduling of Real-Time Processes
– Baker
- 1991
|
|
109
|
Policies for dynamic clock scheduling
– Grunwald, Levis, et al.
- 2000
|
|
108
|
A survey of design techniques for system-level dynamic power management
– Benini, Bogliolo, et al.
- 2000
|
|
108
|
Software Strategies for Portable Computer Energy Management
– Lorch, Smith
- 1998
|
|
100
|
Improving Dynamic Voltage Scaling Algorithms with PACE
– Lorch, Smith
- 2001
|
|
98
|
Dynamic and aggressive scheduling techniques for poweraware real-time systems
– Aydin, Melhem, et al.
- 2001
|
|
63
|
Quantifying the energy consumption of a pocket computer and a Java virtual machine
– Farkas, Flinn, et al.
- 2000
|
|
59
|
Predicting MPEG execution times
– Bavier, Montz, et al.
- 1998
|
|
49
|
Power optimization of variable-voltage core-based systems
– Hong, Qu, et al.
- 1999
|
|
45
|
Energy-Efficient Design of Battery-Powered Embedded Systems
– Simunic, Benini, et al.
|
|
29
|
Processor Voltage Scheduling for Real-Time Tasks with Non-Preemptible Sections
– Zhang, Chanson
- 2002
|
|
17
|
A Measurement-Based Analysis of the Real-Time Performance of Linux
– Abeni, Goel, et al.
- 2002
|
|
11
|
System-Level Power-Aware Design Techniques in real-Time Systems
– Unsal, Koren
- 2003
|
|
1
|
Energy E#cient Microprocessor Design
– Burd, Brodersen
- 2002
|
|
1
|
Dynamic frequency scaling with bu#er insertion for mixed workloads
– Lu, Benini, et al.
- 1284
|
|
1
|
Blocking-Aware Processor Voltage Scheduling for Real-Time Tasks
– Mok
- 1983
|
