Today's Internet traffic is dominated by short Web data transfers. Such a workload is well known to interact poorly with the TCP protocol. TCP uses the slow start procedure to probe the network for bandwidth both at connection start up and upon restart after an idle period. This usually requires several roundtrips and is inefficient when the duration of a transfer is short. In this paper, we propose a new technique, which we call TCP/SPAND, to speed up short data transfers. In TCP/SPAND, network performance information is shared among many co-located hosts to estimate each connection's fair share of the network resources. Based on such estimation and the transfer size, the TCP sender determines the optimal initial congestion window size. Instead of doing slow start, it uses a pacing scheme to smoothly send out the packets in its initial congestion window. We use extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of the resulting system. Our results show that TCP/SPAND significantly reduces latency for short transfers even in presence of multiple heavily congested bottlenecks. Meanwhile, the performance benefit does not come at the expense of degrading the performance of connections using the standard TCP. That is, TCP/SPAND is TCP friendly. 1.
|
1790
|
Congestion avoidance and control
– Jacobson
- 1988
|
|
594
|
Promoting the Use of End-to-End Congestion Control in the Internet
– Floyd, Fall
- 1999
|
|
384
|
Wide-area internet traffic patterns and characteristics
– Thompson, Miller, et al.
- 1997
|
|
319
|
A control-theoretic approach to flow control
– KESHAV
- 1993
|
|
296
|
Measurement and analysis of end-to-end internet dynamics
– Paxson
- 1997
|
|
275
|
The NewReno Modification to TCP’s Fast Recovery Algorithm
– Floyd, Henderson, et al.
- 2004
|
|
218
|
Providing Guaranteed Services Without Per Flow Management
– Stoica, Zhang
- 1999
|
|
212
|
Improving the Start-up Behavior of a Congestion Control Scheme for TCP
– Hoe
- 1996
|
|
207
|
An Integrated Congestion Management Architecture for Internet Hosts
– Balakrishnan, Rahul, et al.
|
|
206
|
System Design Issues for Internet Middleware Services: Deduction from a Large Client Trace
– Gribble, Brewer
- 1997
|
|
197
|
An Empirical Model of HTTP Network Traffic
– Mah
- 1997
|
|
185
|
M.E.,"On the Relationship Between File Sizes, Transport Protocols, and Self-Similar Network Tra c
– Park, Kim, et al.
- 1996
|
|
185
|
SPAND: Shared passive network performance discovery
– SESHAN, STEMM, et al.
- 1997
|
|
154
|
Improving http latency
– Padmanabhan, Mogul
- 1994
|
|
136
|
Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels Using Standard Mechanisms
– Allman, Glover, et al.
- 1999
|
|
120
|
TCP Behavior of a Busy Internet Server: Analysis and Improvements
– Seshan, Balakrishnan, et al.
- 1998
|
|
110
|
Proportional differentiated services: Delay differentiation and packet scheduling
– Dovrolis, Stiliadis, et al.
- 2002
|
|
103
|
Self similarity through high variability: Statistical analysis of Ethernet LAN traffic at the source level
– Willinger, Taqqu, et al.
- 1995
|
|
91
|
Analyzing Stability in Wide-Area Network Performance
– BALAKRISHNAN, SESHAN, et al.
- 1997
|
|
89
|
T/TCP -- TCP Extensions for Transactions: Functional Specification
– Braden
- 1994
|
|
83
|
Understanding the performance of TCP Pacing
– Aggarwal, Savage, et al.
|
|
83
|
TCP Fast Start: A Technique For Speeding up Web Transfers
– Padmanabhan, Katz
- 1998
|
|
79
|
The effects of asymmetry on TCP performance
– Balakrishnan, Padmanabhan, et al.
- 1997
|
|
50
|
Addressing the Challenges of Web Data Transport, Unpublished
– Padmanabhan, Katz
- 1998
|
|
49
|
An extensible probe architecture for network protocol performance measurement
– Malan, Jahanian
- 1998
|
|
42
|
Performance analysis of window-base flow control using TCP/IP: The effect of high bandwidth-delay products and random loss
– Lakshman, Madhow
- 1994
|
|
41
|
Improving Restart of Idle TCP Connections
– Visweswaraiah, Heidemann
- 1997
|
|
36
|
TCP Extensions for High Performance", RFC 1323
– Jacobson, Braden, et al.
- 1992
|
|
30
|
An Evaluation of TCP with Larger Initial Windows
– Allman, Hayes, et al.
- 1998
|
|
30
|
The Effects of Asymmetry on
– Balakrishnan, Padmanabhan, et al.
- 1997
|
|
26
|
Understanding TCP Dynamics in an Integrated Services Internet
– Feng, Kandlur, et al.
- 1997
|
|
23
|
When TCP Starts Up With Four Packets Into Only Three Buffers
– Shepard, Partridge
- 1997
|
|
21
|
The case for informed transport protocols
– Savage, Cardwell, et al.
- 1999
|
|
15
|
A new method for analyzing feedback-based protocols with applications to engineering web traffic over the Internet
– Heyman, Lakshman, et al.
- 1997
|
|
13
|
Understanding the Performance
– Aagarwal, Savage, et al.
- 2000
|
|
11
|
Increased TCP’s Initial Window", RFC 2414
– Allman, Floyd, et al.
- 1998
|
|
10
|
Ongoing TCP Research Related to Satellites", RFC 2760
– Allman, Dawkins, et al.
- 2000
|
|
8
|
Increasing TCP’s initial window,” RFC 2414
– Allman, Floyd, et al.
- 1998
|
|
8
|
An Evaluation of TCP with
– Allman, Hayes, et al.
- 1998
|
|
7
|
Ongoing TCP Research Related to Satellites,” Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF
– Allman, Dawkins, et al.
- 2000
|
|
7
|
Analyzing Stability
– Balakrishnan, Seshan, et al.
- 1997
|
|
5
|
TCP Control Block Interdependence," RFC-2140, USC/Informatino Sciences Institute
– Touch
- 1997
|
|
3
|
Extending TCP for Transactions - Concepts," RFC-1379
– Braden
- 1992
|
|
1
|
Extending TCP for Transactions - Concepts,” RFC-1379
– Braden
- 1992
|
|
