PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE Research Article Visual Recognition As Soon as You Know It Is There, You Know What It Is

PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE Research Article Visual Recognition As Soon as You Know It Is There, You Know What It Is

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by Kalanit Grill-spector , Nancy Kanwisher

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TITLE	PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE Research Article Visual Recognition As Soon as You Know It Is There, You Know What It Is	SVM HeaderParse 0.2
AUTHOR NAME	Kalanit Grill-spector	SVM HeaderParse 0.2
AUTHOR AFFIL	Department of Psychology, Stanford University, and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts; Institute of Technology	SVM HeaderParse 0.2
AUTHOR NAME	Nancy Kanwisher	SVM HeaderParse 0.2
AUTHOR AFFIL	Department of Psychology, Stanford University, and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts; Institute of Technology	SVM HeaderParse 0.2
ABSTRACT	ABSTRACT—What is the sequence of processing steps involved in visual object recognition? We varied the exposure duration of natural images and measured subjects’ performance on three different tasks, each designed to tap a different candidate component process of object recognition. For each exposure duration, accuracy was lower and reaction time longer on a within-category identification task (e.g., distinguishing pigeons from other birds) than on a perceptual categorization task (e.g., birds vs. cars). However, strikingly, at each exposure duration, subjects performed just as quickly and accurately on the categorization task as they did on a task requiring only object detection: By the time subjects knew an image contained an object at all, they already knew its category. These findings place powerful constraints on theories of object recognition. Humans recognize objects with astonishing ease and speed (Thorpe, Fize, & Marlot, 1996). In the studies we report here, we used behavioral methods to investigate the sequence of processes involved in visual object recognition in natural scenes. We tested two (non-mutually exclusive) hypotheses: (a) that visual object recognition entails first detecting the presence of the object, before perceptually categorizing it (e.g., as bird, car, or flower), and (b) that objects are perceptually categorized (e.g. bird, car) before they are identified at a finer grain (e.g., pigeon, jeep). Consistent with the first hypothesis, traditional models of object recognition posit an intermediate stage between lowlevel visual processing and high-level object recognition at which the object is first segmented from the rest of the image	SVM HeaderParse 0.2
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