Abstract

comparative functional response experiments into global change research (a) Direct feeding interactions between a higher predator (the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus), intermediate consumers (native Mysis salemaai and invasive Hemimysis anomala mysids), and a basal prey (the cladoceran, Daphnia magna). Photo credits: G. aculeatus and H. anomala by Stephen Potts, M. salemaai and D. magna obtained from Wikimedia Commons; (b) functional response of three native mysids (in blue) and three invasive mysids (in red); (c) functional response of three native mysids and one stickleback (in blue) and three invasive mysids and one stickleback (in red). Shaded areas are bootstrapped 95 % confidence intervals. Adapted from Barrios-O’Neill et al. (2014).