@MISC{Lxil09forumon, author = {Vol Lxil}, title = {Forum on International Tax Avoidance and Evasion 703 National Tax Journal}, year = {2009} }
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Abstract
Abstract – This paper considers the tax policy consequences of both real and fi nancial types of international tax avoidance, focusing on U.S. multinational fi rms over the period 1982–2004. First, income shifting is examined by estimating the relationship between U.S. affi liate profi t rates and foreign country tax rates. Second, the effects of taxes on multinational fi rms ’ real operations across countries are considered. Estimates of both fi nancial and real responsiveness to tax rate differences among countries are used to calculate how profi ts would differ from their current levels absent tax incentives, and thus how U.S. government revenues are affected. Finally, several policy alternatives are discussed. I.