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Abstract
7 [1] The seasonal and spatial variability of dissolved Barium (Ba) in the Amundsen Gulf, 8 southeastern Beaufort Sea, was monitored over a full year from September 2007 to 9 September 2008. Dissolved Ba displays a nutrient‐type behavior: the maximum water 10 column concentration is located below the surface layer. The highest Ba concentrations 11 are typically observed at river mouths, the lowest concentrations are found in water 12 masses of Atlantic origin. Barium concentrations decrease eastward through the Canadian 13 Arctic Archipelago. Barite (BaSO4) saturation is reached at the maximum dissolved 14 Ba concentrations in the subsurface layer, whereas the rest of the water column is 15 undersaturated. A three end‐member mixing model comprising freshwater from sea‐ice 16 melt and rivers, as well as upper halocline water, is used to establish their relative 17 contributions to the Ba concentrations in the upper water column of the Amundsen 18 Gulf. Based on water column and riverine Ba contributions, we assess the depletion of 19 dissolved Ba by formation and sinking of biologically bound Ba (bio‐Ba), from which 20 we derive an estimate of the carbon export production. In the upper 50 m of the water 21 column of the Amundsen Gulf, riverine Ba accounts for up to 15 % of the available
Keyphrases
ba concentration amundsen gulf water column end member barium concentration decrease southeastern beaufort sea bio ba dissolved ba river mouth subsurface layer column concentration upper water column spatial variability upper halocline water full year maximum water riverine ba account sea ice nutrient type behavior surface layer carbon export production dissolved barium arctic archipelago atlantic origin riverine ba contribution
