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An Empirical Study of Algorithms for Point Feature Label Placement (1994)
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@MISC{Christensen94anempirical,
author = {Jon Christensen and Joe Marks and Stuart Shieber},
title = {An Empirical Study of Algorithms for Point Feature Label Placement },
year = {1994}
}
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Abstract
A major factor affecting the clarity of graphical displays that include text labels is the degree to which labels obscure display features (including other labels) as a result of spatial overlap. Point-feature label placement (PFLP) is the problem of placing text labels adjacent to point features on a map or diagram so as to maximize legibility. This problem occurs frequently in the production of many types of informational graphics, though it arises most often in automated cartography. In this paper we present a comprehensive treatment of the PFLP problem, viewed as a type of combinatorial optimization problem. Complexity analysis reveals that the basic PFLP problem and most interesting variants of it are NP-hard. These negative results help inform a survey of previously reported algorithms for PFLP; not surprisingly, all such algorithms either have exponential time complexity or are incomplete. To solve the PFLP problem in practice, then, we must rely on good heuristic methods. We pr...
Keyphrases
point feature label placement empirical study pflp problem text label graphical display negative result many type automated cartography point-feature label placement complexity analysis reveals major factor good heuristic method informational graphic interesting variant basic pflp problem spatial overlap exponential time complexity display feature combinatorial optimization problem comprehensive treatment
