Abstract

We consider the problem of representing, in a compressed format, a bitvector S of m bits with n 1s, supporting the following operations, where b ∈ {0,1}: • rankb(S, i) returns the number of occurrences of bit b in the prefix S [1..i]; • selectb(S, i) returns the position of the ith occurrence of bit b in S. Such a data structure is called fully indexable dictionary (fid) [Raman, Raman, and Rao, 2007], and is at least as powerful as predecessor data structures. Viewing S as a set X = {x1, x2,..., xn} of n distinct integers drawn from a universe [m] = {1,..., m}, the predecessor of integer y ∈ [m] in X is given by select1(S,rank1(S, y − 1)). fids have many applications in succinct and compressed data structures, as they are often involved in the construction of succinct representation for a variety of abstract data types. Our focus is on space-efficient fids on the ram model with word size Θ(lg m) and constant time for all operations, so that the time cost is independent of the input size. Given the bitstring S to be encoded, having length m and containing n ones, the minimal amount of information that needs to be stored is B(n, m) = ⌈log ` ´ m ⌉. The n state of the art in building a fid for S is given in [Pǎtra¸scu, 2008] using B(m, n) + O(m/((log m/t) t)) + O(m 3/4) bits, to support the operations in O(t) time. Here, we propose a parametric data structure exhibiting a time/space trade-off such that, for any real constants 0 < δ ≤ 1/2, 0 < ε ≤ 1, and integer s> 0, it uses

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