Air-dropped Sensor Network for Real-time High-fidelity Volcano Monitoring

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Air-dropped Sensor Network for Real-time High-fidelity Volcano Monitoring (2009)

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by Wen-zhan Song , Renjie Huang , Mingsen Xu , Andy Ma , Behrooz Shirazi , Richard LaHusen

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40 - 15 self

BibTeX

@MISC{Song09air-droppedsensor,
    author = {Wen-zhan Song and Renjie Huang and Mingsen Xu and Andy Ma and Behrooz Shirazi and Richard LaHusen},
    title = {Air-dropped Sensor Network for Real-time High-fidelity Volcano Monitoring },
    year = {2009}
}

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Abstract

This paper presents the design and deployment experience of an air-dropped wireless sensor network for volcano hazard monitoring. The deployment of five stations into the rugged crater of Mount St. Helens only took one hour with a helicopter. The stations communicate with each other through an amplified 802.15.4 radio and establish a self-forming and self-healing multi-hop wireless network. The distance between stations is up to 2 km. Each sensor station collects and delivers real-time continuous seismic, infrasonic, lightning, GPS raw data to a gateway. The main contribution of this paper is the design and evaluation of a robust sensor network to replace data loggers and provide real-time long-term volcano monitoring. The system supports UTCtime synchronized data acquisition with 1ms accuracy, and is online configurable. It has been tested in the lab environment, the outdoor campus and the volcano crater. Despite the heavy rain, snow, and ice as well as gusts exceeding 120 miles per hour, the sensor network has achieved a remarkable packet delivery ratio above 99 % with an overall system uptime of about 93.8 % over the 1.5 months evaluation period after deployment. Our initial deployment experiences with the system have alleviated the doubts of domain scientists and prove to them that a low-cost sensor network system can support real-time monitoring in extremely harsh environments.

Keyphrases

air-dropped sensor network real-time high-fidelity volcano monitoring continuous seismic air-dropped wireless sensor network outdoor campus data acquisition data logger sensor network domain scientist overall system uptime rugged crater volcano hazard monitoring lab environment robust sensor network remarkable packet delivery ratio initial deployment experience main contribution deployment experience self-healing multi-hop wireless network real-time monitoring heavy rain month evaluation period sensor station collect real-time long-term volcano monitoring mount st volcano crater harsh environment low-cost sensor network system

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